contain

English

Etymology

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French contenir, from Latin continēre (“to hold or keep together, comprise, contain”), combined form of con- (“together”) + teneō (“to hold”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: kən-tānʹ, IPA^(key): /kənˈteɪn/

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪn
• Hyphenation: con‧tain

Verb

contain (third-person singular simple present contains, present participle containing, simple past and past participle contained)

1. (transitive) To hold inside.

   The brown box contains three stacks of books.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

     At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors. […] In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.

   • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across. Such pits are about the size of a bacterial cell. Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, […].

2. (transitive) To include as a part.

   Most of the meals they offer contain meat.

   • 2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:

     Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese, a silvery metal, began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated.

3. (transitive) To put constraints upon; to restrain; to confine; to keep within bounds.

   I'm so excited, I can hardly contain myself!

   • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act INDUCTION, scene i]:

     Fear not, my lord: we can contain ourselves.

   • 1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

     [The king's] only Person is oftentimes instead of an Army, to contain the unruly People from a thousand evil Occasions.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 16:

     Athelstan Arundel walked home all the way, foaming and raging. No omnibus, cab, or conveyance ever built could contain a young man in such a rage. His mother lived at Pembridge Square, which is four good measured miles from Lincoln's Inn.

   • 1988, Lee Mavers, “There She Goes”, in Sixpence None the Richer‎^[1], performed by Sixpence None the Richer, published 1997:

     There she goes / There she goes again / Racing through my brain / And I just can't contain / This feeling that remains

4. (mathematics, of a set etc., transitive) To have as an element or subset.

   A group contains a unique inverse for each of its elements.

   If that subgraph contains the vertex in question then it must be spanning.

5. (obsolete, intransitive) To restrain desire; to live in continence or chastity.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Bible Corinthians/#8 1 Corinthians:8–9:

     But if they cannot contain, let them marry.

Usage notes

• This is generally a stative verb that rarely takes the continuous inflection. See Category:English stative verbs

Synonyms

• (hold inside): enclose, inhold
• (include as part): comprise, embody, incorporate, inhold
• (limit by restraint): control, curb, repress, restrain, restrict, stifle; See also Thesaurus:curb

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “include as part”): exclude, omit
• (antonym(s) of “limit by restraint”): release, vent

Derived terms

• containee
• contain multitudes
• contain oneself
• melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell
• self-contain

 

Related terms

• container
• containable
• containment
• content
• continence

Translations

hold inside

• Arabic: اِحْتَوَى (iḥtawā), تَضَمَّنَ (taḍammana)
• Bulgarian: побирам (bg) (pobiram)
• Catalan: contenir (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 包含 (zh) (bāohán), 含有 (zh) (hányǒu), 含 (zh) (hán)

• Czech: obsahovat (cs)
• Danish: indeholde (da)
• Dutch: inhouden (nl), bevatten (nl)
• Esperanto: enhavi
• Finnish: rajoittaa (fi), rajata (fi), hillitä (fi), estää leviämästä
• French: contenir (fr)
• Galician: conter (gl)
• German: enthalten (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: χανδάνω (khandánō)

• Hebrew: הכיל (he) (heikhíl)
• Ido: kontenar (io)
• Italian: contenere (it)
• Japanese: 含む (ja) (ふくむ, fukumu)
• Latin: teneo (la)
• Norman: cont'nîn
• Occitan: conténer (oc)
• Polish: zawierać (pl)
• Portuguese: conter (pt)
• Romanian: conține (ro)
• Russian: содержа́ть (ru) impf (soderžátʹ), вмеща́ть (ru) impf (vmeščátʹ)
• Slovene: vsebovati
• Spanish: contener (es)
• Swedish: innehålla (sv)
• Ukrainian: вміща́ти impf (vmiščáty)

include as a part

• Arabic: اِحْتَوَى (iḥtawā)
• Bulgarian: съдържам (bg) (sǎdǎržam)
• Catalan: contenir (ca)
• Finnish: sisältää (fi), käsittää (fi)
• French: contenir (fr)
• German: enthalten (de), beinhalten (de)
• Hebrew: כלל (he) (kalál)
• Italian: contenere (it)
• Norman: cont'nîn
• Polish: zawierać (pl)
• Portuguese: conter (pt)
• Romanian: conține (ro)
• Russian: содержа́ть (ru) impf (soderžátʹ)
• Slovene: vsebovati, vključevati
• Spanish: contener (es)
• Swedish: innehålla (sv)
• Yiddish: כּולל זײַן (koylel zayn)

limit through restraint

• Arabic: اِحْتَوَى (iḥtawā)
• Bulgarian: сдържам (bg) (sdǎržam), въздържам (bg) (vǎzdǎržam)
• Catalan: contenir (ca)
• Finnish: hillitä (fi)
• French: contenir (fr)
• German: eingrenzen (de)
• Italian: contenere (it)
• Norman: cont'nîn
• Portuguese: conter (pt)
• Russian: сде́рживать (ru) impf (sdérživatʹ), сдержа́ть (ru) pf (sderžátʹ)
• Slovene: obvladovati impf, obvladati pf
• Spanish: contener (es), dominar (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Finnish: sisältää (fi) (1)
• French: contenir (fr)
• Ido: kontenar (io)
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} continer
• Italian: contenere (it)
• Korean: 포함하다 (ko) (pohamhada)
• Latin: continēre

Further reading

• “contain”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “contain”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “contain”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• actinon, cantion, nanotic