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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+9177, 酷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9177

[U+9176]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9178]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 164, +7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹土口 (MWHGR), four-corner 14661, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39870
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3583, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+9177

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰuːɡ) : semantic (alcoholic drink vessel) + phonetic (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kʰu⁵¹/
Harbin /kʰu⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kʰu⁵³/
Jinan /kʰu²¹³/
Qingdao /kʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kʰu⁵³/
Xi'an /kʰu²¹/
Xining /kʰv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /kʰu⁵³/
Lanzhou /kʰu¹³/
Ürümqi /kʰu²¹³/
Wuhan /kʰu²¹³/
Chengdu /kʰu³¹/
Guiyang /kʰu²¹/
Kunming /kʰu³¹/
Nanjing /kʰuʔ⁵/
Hefei /kʰuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kʰuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kʰoʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /kʰu²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kʰu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kʰu²⁴/
Xiangtan /kʰu²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /kʰuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /hok̚²/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /huk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰɔk̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kouʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰu²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰok̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xau³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (29)
Final () (6)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter khowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰuok̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰuok̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰawk̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰok̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰuok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ku
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
huk1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ khowk ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁuk/
English cruel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3824
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰuːɡ/

Definitions

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  1. (literary, of alcohol) strong; intense
  2. cruel; brutal; savage
      ―  cán  ―  cruel
  3. extremely; to an extreme degree
      ―  'ài  ―  to have a passion for; to ardently love

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #

Phono-semantic matching of English cool.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Mandarin, slang) cool; awesome
Usage notes
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Whilst English "cool" may be used in a wide variety of contexts, (and, by extension, 酷斃酷毙 (kùbì)) is usually only used to describe something fashionable or extraordinary.

See also

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Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad.
simp. #
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to (tok)? as per Douglas (1873), Campbell (1913), Tōhō (1931), Ogawa (1932), etc.”

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien, business) to drive a hard bargain; to economically take advantage of; to exploit economically; to penny-pinch; to profiteer; to swindle; to cheat; to be stingy/miserly with (such as overpricing to favor sellers or undervaluing to favor buyers)
Synonyms
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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

酷󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
酷󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. cruel, severe
  2. extremely

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
こく
Grade: S
on'yomi

Ultimately from Middle Chinese (MC khowk). First cited in Japanese as a standalone term in 1754.[2]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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(こく) (kokuこく (koku)?-na (adnominal (こく) (koku na), adverbial (こく) (koku ni))

  1. [from 1754] cruel, severe, harsh, merciless
    Synonyms: むごい (mugoi), 厳しい (kibishii)
  2. [from 1878] extremely, excessively
    Synonym: 甚だしい (hanahadashii)

Inflection

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Noun

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(こく) (koku

  1. [from 1754] cruelty, severity, harshness, mercilessness

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2155 (paper), page 1129 (digital)
  2. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC khowk).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 심할 (simhal hok))

  1. hanja form? of (cruel)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: khốc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.