閣下

See also: 阁下

Chinese

		council-chamber; shelf	under; second; next under; second; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to decline; to go down; latter
trad. (閣下)		閣	下
simp. (阁下)		阁	下

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): géxià

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gok³ haa⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): koh-hǎ / koh-hā / kok-hēe / kok-hā

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: géxià
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gershiah
    • IPA ^(key): /kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯a̠⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gok³ haa⁶
    • Yale: gok hah
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gok⁸ haa⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gog³ ha⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːk̚³ hɑː²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh-hǎ
    • Tâi-lô: koh-hǎ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh-hā
    • Tâi-lô: koh-hā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koihha
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-hēe
    • Tâi-lô: kok-hēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-hā
    • Tâi-lô: kok-hā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kokha
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

Noun

閣下

1. (literary) Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour
2. (archaic) at the foot of a tower or pavilion

Usage notes

Originally a term of respect toward members of the nobility; became a more generic term of respect later on.

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
閣	下
かく > かっ Grade: 6	か Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

閣下 (hiragana かっか, rōmaji kakka)

1. (your, his, her) Excellency

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Korean

Hanja in this term
閣	下

Noun

閣下 • (gakha) (hangeul 각하)

1. Hanja form^? of 각하, “Excellency; President”.