閣下
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See also: 阁下
Chinese
[edit]council-chamber; shelf | under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (閣下) | 閣 | 下 | |
simp. (阁下) | 阁 | 下 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gok3 haa6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gésià
- Wade–Giles: ko2-hsia4
- Yale: gé-syà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gershiah
- Palladius: гэся (gɛsja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gok3 haa6
- Yale: gok hah
- Cantonese Pinyin: gok8 haa6
- Guangdong Romanization: gog3 ha6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːk̚³ haː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh-hǎ
- Tâi-lô: koh-hǎ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh-hā
- Tâi-lô: koh-hā
- Phofsit Daibuun: koihha
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-hēe
- Tâi-lô: kok-hēe
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-hā
- Tâi-lô: kok-hā
- Phofsit Daibuun: kokha
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goh4 ê6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koh ĕ
- Sinological IPA (key): /koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Noun
[edit]閣下
- (literary) Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour
- (archaic) at the foot of a tower or pavilion
- 時漢書始出,多未能通者,同郡馬融伏於閣下,從昭言嶊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Shí hànshū shǐ chū, duō wèinéng tōng zhě, tóng jùn mǎ róng fú yú géxià, cóng zhāo yán 嶊. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
时汉书始出,多未能通者,同郡马融伏于阁下,从昭言嶊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes
[edit]Originally a term of respect toward members of the nobility; became a more generic term of respect later on.
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- “Entry #68188”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
閣 | 下 |
かく > かっ Grade: 6 |
か Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
Etymology
[edit]Literary Chinese 閣下 (géxià)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (rare, attributive) down a noble's residential tower, looking up
- Your Excellency; His Excellency; Her Excellency; Your Lordship; His Lordship; Your Ladyship; Her Ladyship; Your Grace; His Grace; Her Grace
- Coordinate terms: 猊下, 殿下, 陛下
- 大統領閣下
- Daitōryō Kakka
- His/Her Excellency the President; Mr./Madam President
- ヨーク公閣下
- Yōku Kō Kakka
- His Grace the Duke of York
- 1986 January 10, Tsurugina, Mai with Katō, Tadashi, “MENU① 幻の料理人 [MENU① The Illusory Cook]”, in ザ・シェフ [The Chef], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Nihon Bungeisha, →ISBN, page 7:
- 1986 January 10, Tsurugina, Mai with Katō, Tadashi, “MENU① 幻の料理人 [MENU① The Illusory Cook]”, in ザ・シェフ [The Chef], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Nihon Bungeisha, →ISBN, page 8:
- 今夜の晩餐は日本におけるフランス料理の第一人者当ホテルの下村総料理長が腕によりをかけて料理いたします 閣下にはきっとご満足いただけるものと信じております
- Kon’ya no dinā wa Nihon ni okeru Furansu ryōri no daiichininsha tō-hoteru no Shimomura Gurando Shefu ga ude ni yori o kakete ryōri Kakka ni wa kitto gomanzoku itadakeru mono to shinjite orimasu
- Our top Japanese executive chef of French cuisine, Shimomura, will use his best efforts to prepare a good dinner tonight. I am confident you will receive the best service.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
閣 | 下 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
閣 | 下 |
Pronoun
[edit]閣下
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 閣
- Chinese terms spelled with 下
- Chinese literary terms
- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- zh:Nobility
- Japanese terms spelled with 閣 read as かく
- Japanese terms spelled with 下 read as か
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms derived from Literary Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with rare senses
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- vi:Fiction
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