待つ
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 待 |
| ま Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 俟つ (rare) 候つ (rare) |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mat-. Cognate with Okinawan 待ちゅん (machun, “to wait (for)”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 待つ
| Plain | 待つ | まつ | [máꜜtsù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 待って | まって | [máꜜttè] |
| Perfective | 待った | まった | [máꜜttà] |
| Negative | 待たない | またない | [màtáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 待たなかった | またなかった | [màtáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 待てば | まてば | [máꜜtèbà] |
| Past conditional | 待ったら | まったら | [máꜜttàrà] |
| Imperative | 待て | まて | [máꜜtè] |
| Volitional | 待とう | まとー | [màtóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 待ちたい | まちたい | [màchítáꜜì] |
| Formal | 待ちます | まちます | [màchímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 待ちません | まちません | [màchímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 待ちましょう | まちましょー | [màchímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 待ちました | まちました | [màchímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 待ち 待ちに |
まち まちに |
[máꜜchì] [máꜜchì nì] |
| Negative continuative | 待たず 待たずに |
またず またずに |
[màtáꜜzù] [màtáꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 待たれる | またれる | [màtáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 待たせる 待たす |
またせる またす |
[màtáséꜜrù] [màtáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 待てる | まてる | [màtéꜜrù] |
Verb
[edit]待つ • (matsu) transitive godan (stem 待ち (machi), past 待った (matta))
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 待た | また | mata |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 待ち | まち | machi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 待つ | まつ | matsu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 待つ | まつ | matsu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 待て | まて | mate |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 待て | まて | mate |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 待たれる | またれる | matareru |
| Causative | 待たせる 待たす |
またせる またす |
mataseru matasu |
| Potential | 待てる | まてる | materu |
| Volitional | 待とう | まとう | matō |
| Negative | 待たない | またない | matanai |
| Negative continuative | 待たず | またず | matazu |
| Formal | 待ちます | まちます | machimasu |
| Perfective | 待った | まった | matta |
| Conjunctive | 待って | まって | matte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 待てば | まてば | mateba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 待た | また | mata |
| Continuative (連用形) | 待ち | まち | mati |
| Terminal (終止形) | 待つ | まつ | matu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 待つ | まつ | matu |
| Realis (已然形) | 待て | まて | mate |
| Imperative (命令形) | 待て | まて | mate |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 待たず | またず | matazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 待てど | まてど | matedo |
| Causal conjunction | 待てば | まてば | mateba |
| Conditional conjunction | 待たば | またば | mataba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 待ちき | まちき | matiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 待ちけり | まちけり | matikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 待ちつ | まちつ | matitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 待ちぬ | まちぬ | matinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 待てり 待ちたり |
まてり まちたり |
materi matitari |
| Volitional | 待たむ | またむ | matamu |
¹ In everyday speech, せら is shortened into さ in the causative passive forms of godan verbs: 待たせられる → 待たされる. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 待った (matta)
See also
[edit]- 我慢する (gaman suru): to be patient; to display restraint
References
[edit]- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 [Nationwide Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “待つ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 待 read as ま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -tsu
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples