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父

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 乂
父 U+7236, 父
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7236
← 爵
[U+7235] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 爷 →
[U+7237]
⽗ U+2F57, ⽗
KANGXI RADICAL FATHER
← ⽖
[U+2F56] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽘ →
[U+2F58]
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父

Translingual

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Traditional 父
Simplified 父
Japanese 父
Korean 父
Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 88 父

父 (Kangxi radical 88, 父+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金大 (CK), four-corner 80400, composition ⿱八乂(GHJTV) or ⿱八⿻乀丿(K))

  1. Kangxi radical #88, ⽗.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2039, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7236

Further reading

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Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 父
alternative forms 𠇑

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 父
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抪 *paː, *paːs
布 *paːs
佈 *paːs
怖 *pʰaːs
斧 *paʔ
父 *paʔ, *baʔ
蚥 *paʔ, *baʔ
滏 *baʔ
釜 *baʔ

Pictogram (象形) – A hand holding a stone blade, referring to a man working with a stone axe.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paʔ (“male; father”).

Regular development from Middle Chinese would lead to the labiodental fù in Mandarin, but the colloquial word resisted the sound changes and is now written as 爸 (bà), with the 巴 (bā) phonetic component added to it to indicate the unchanged bilabial initial.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: hô - literary.
Note:
  • hu6 - literary;
  • bê6 - semantic (original character is 爸).
Rime
Character 父
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 扶雨切
Baxter bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/bioX/
Wang
Li 		/bĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 父
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[N-p](r)aʔ/
English father

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 父
Reading # 2/2
No. 3504
Phonetic
component 		父
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		父
Old
Chinese 		/*baʔ/

Definitions

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父

  1. father (male parent)
    父親／父亲  ―  fùqīn  ―  (formal) father
    父母  ―  fùmǔ  ―  parents; father and mother
    父子  ―  fùzǐ  ―  father and son
    父女  ―  fùnǚ  ―  father and daughter
    父輩／父辈  ―  fùbèi  ―  one's father's generation
    家父  ―  jiāfù  ―  (humble) my father
    生父  ―  shēngfù  ―  biological father
    養父／养父  ―  yǎngfù  ―  adoptive father
    繼父／继父  ―  jìfù  ―  stepfather
    Antonym: 母 (mǔ)
  2. Used to address a male elder member of a family.
    祖父  ―  zǔfù  ―  paternal grandfather (one's father's father)
    伯父  ―  bófù  ―  paternal uncle (father's elder brother)
    叔父  ―  shūfù  ―  paternal uncle (father's younger brother)
    岳父  ―  yuèfù  ―  father-in-law (wife's father)
    舅父  ―  jiùfù  ―  maternal uncle (mother's brother)
    姨父  ―  yífù  ―  maternal uncle (husband of mother's sister)
    姑父  ―  gūfù  ―  paternal uncle (husband of father's sister)
    Antonym: 母 (mǔ)
  3. father (pioneering male figure in a particular field)
    雜交水稻之父／杂交水稻之父  ―  zájiāo shuǐdào zhī fù  ―  (specifically) Father of Hybrid Rice (Yuan Longping)
    國父／国父  ―  guófù  ―  father of a nation; (specifically) Father of the Republic (Sun Yat-sen)
  4. (Christianity) Father; God the Father
    天父  ―  Tiānfù  ―  Heavenly Father
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 父, 爺, 嚴 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 父親
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親, 老頭兒
Taiwan 爸爸, 爸
Chengde 爸爸
Chifeng 爸爸
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 爸爸
Heihe 父親, 爸爸
Qiqihar 爸爸
Harbin 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親
Jiamusi 父親, 爸爸
Baicheng 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Changchun 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Tonghua 爸爸, 爹
Shenyang 爸爸, 父親, 爹, 阿瑪 dated, Manchus
Jinzhou 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Malaysia 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋
Singapore 爸爸, 爸, 老爸 <>
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 爸爸, 老爸, 爹
Tangshan 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Cangzhou 爸爸, 爹, 伯
Baoding 爸爸
Shijiazhuang 爸爸, 爹
Lijin 爹
Jinan 爸爸, 爹, 大 Hui, 大大 Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 爸爸
Dandong 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Yantai 爹
Yantai (Muping) 爹, 爸爸
Qingdao 爸爸, 爹
Zhucheng 大大, 爺, 爸爸
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 爹, 爸爸
Lingbao 爹, 大
Jining 爸爸, 大
Wanrong 爸, 爹
Linfen 爸
Shangqiu 爸爸, 爹, 大
Yuanyang 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Zhengzhou 爹, 伯, 達 Hui or suburbs
Xinyang 爸
Baihe 父親, 爹, 爸爸
Xi'an 爸, 爸爸, 達 Hui
Baoji 父親, 爸, 爹, 伯
Tianshui 爸爸, 大
Xining 阿達, 達達, 爹
Yanqi 爹, 達達 Hui, 阿達 Hui, 老爹 <>
Xuzhou 答答, 爸爸, 父親
Fuyang 父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸, 大大, 大
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 達達, 達, 阿達
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 爹, 爸爸, 父親
Lanzhou 爹, 爸爸, 老子 <>, 老爹 <>, 父親
Dunhuang 大大, 爸, 爹爹
Hami 大大
Ürümqi 爸爸, 爹, 爹爹, 達, 達達, 阿達 Hui, 先人 <>, 老爹 <>, 達當子 <>
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒 <>, 老把子 <>, 老漢兒 <>
Nanchong 父親, 爸爸
Dazhou 爸爸, 爹
Hanyuan 父親, 爸爸, 爸爸
Xichang 父親, 爸爸
Zigong 父親, 大大, 爺, 爸爸, 爹
Chongqing 老漢兒, 爸爸
Wuhan 爸爸, 爹 dated, 伯伯 <>, dated, 老子 <>, 老頭 <>, 點頭磕 <>, dated, 父老二 <>, dated, casual, 八叉 <>, dated, slang, 父親
Xiangyang 父親, 爸爸, 伯伯
Tianmen 父親, 爸爸, 爹, 大大
Guiyang 爸爸, 爹 dated, 老爹 <>, 老者 <>, 老者者 <>
Zunyi 爹, 爸爸
Bijie 爸爸, 老伯
Liping 爹
Zhaotong 爸爸, 爺爺, 大爹
Dali 阿爹
Kunming 爸爸, 父親, 爹
Mengzi 爸爸
Guilin 爸爸
Liuzhou 爸, 阿爸, 爹, 老爹 <>, 爹老 <>, 爺老 <>, 老頭子 <>
Jishou 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Changde 爹
Hanzhong 父親, 爸爸
Mae Salong (Lancang) 阿爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 爸, 爹, 爺
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 爹, 爸爸, 伯伯, 爹爹
Yangzhou 爸爸, 爹爹, 老子 <>, 父親
Lianyungang 父親, 爸爸, 大大
Lianshui 父親, 爺
Nantong 父, 父啊, 爸, 爸爸, 爺 <>
Anqing 父親, 爸爸, 伯伯, 大大
Wuhu 爸爸, 大大
Hefei 伯伯, 爺
Huanggang 伯
Hong'an 父親, 父, 爸爸, 伯伯, 伯
Cantonese Guangzhou 阿爸, 爸爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>
Hong Kong 阿爸, 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋, 爸B, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 爹, 阿爸 <>, 爸 <>
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 爸爸
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿爸
Macau 阿爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Xinjiao, Haizhu) 爸爸, 阿爸
Guangzhou (Longxi, Liwan) 阿叔, 阿爸, 阿大
Guangzhou (Huangpu) 阿叔, 阿爸
Guangzhou (Xinshi, Baiyun) 阿叔, 阿爸, 阿大, 阿伯
Guangzhou (Shijing, Baiyun) 阿叔, 阿爸, 阿哥
Guangzhou (Jiangcun, Baiyun) 阿叔, 阿爸
Guangzhou (Longgui, Baiyun) 阿叔, 阿爸
Guangzhou (Renhe, Baiyun) 阿叔
Guangzhou (Zhuliao, Baiyun) 阿叔, 阿爸
Guangzhou (Zhongluotan, Baiyun) 阿叔
Guangzhou (Jiufo, Huangpu) 阿叔, 阿哥
Guangzhou (Panyu) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 爸爸, 阿叔 dated, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿叔, 阿伯, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿哥, 阿叔, 奶公, 阿爺, 老豆 <>
Foshan 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 阿叔, 老豆 <>
Foshan (Shunde) 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Foshan (Sanshui) 阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>, dated
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 阿爸, 老子 <>, 老豆 <>
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 阿爸, 阿爹
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Henglan) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 阿爸, 阿爹
Zhongshan (Nantou) 阿爸, 阿爹
Zhongshan (Fusha) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Shalang) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿爹
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 阿大, 爸爸
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿爹
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿爹
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 阿爹
Zhongshan (Banfu) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 阿爸
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Taishan 阿爸, 阿爹, 阿爺, 老豆 <>
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Enping (Niujiang) 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Heshan (Yayao) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Dongguan 阿爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish, 阿大 rare, 老子 <>
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Shaoguan 老豆, 阿爸
Yunfu 老豆, 阿爸
Yangjiang 阿爸, 阿爹 <>, 老豆 <>
Xinyi 老豆, 阿爸
Lianjiang 阿爸, 老豆, 爸爸
Lianjiang (Cheban) 阿爸
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 阿爸
Wuchuan (Meilu) 老豆
Nanning 阿爸, 爸, 老豆, 老嘢 <>
Hepu (Lianzhou) 爸爸, 阿叔, 叔公, 阿哥, 俺老子 <>, 老豆 <>
Hepu (Shatian) 爸爸, 阿公, 俺公 <>
Beihai 爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>
Beihai (Nankang) 爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>
Beihai (Yingpan) 阿爸, 阿叔, 阿哥, 老豆 <>
Danzhou 爺
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 老豆, 阿爸, 爹哋, 老頭子 <>
Singapore (Guangfu) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Gan Nanchang 爸爸, 爺, 老子 <>, 爺老子 <>
Lichuan 爺, 伯伯, 家父 <>
Pingxiang 爺爺, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺老子 <>
Hakka Meixian 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Xingning 阿爸
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Huiyang 阿爸
Huidong (Daling) 阿爸
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿爸, 爸爸
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿爸, 爸爸
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿爸, 爺子 <>
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿爸
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿爸
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿爺, 阿爸
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿爸
Wuhua (Meilin) 阿爸
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿爸
Wengyuan 阿爸
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 阿爸
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿爸
Liannan 爸
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 阿爸, 父親 <>
Jiexi 爺
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿爸
Changting 爹爹, 哥哥, 爹哩
Wuping 阿哥, 伯
Wuping (Yanqian) 爺哩
Wuping (Pingyu) 爸
Liancheng 伯
Ninghua 哥哥, 爹
Yudu 爸爸, 爺老 <>
Ningdu 爹
Ruijin 爹爹, 爹子
Shicheng 爹, 爸爸
Shangyou (Shexi) 爸爸
Tonggu (Sandu) 爸爸
Ganzhou (Panlong) 爸爸
Dayu 爸爸, 爺爺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿爸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿怙, 阿爺 <>
Hong Kong 阿爸
Yangxi (Tangkou) 老子
Yangchun (Sanjia) 阿爸
Xinyi (Sihe) 阿爸, 老子
Xinyi (Qianpai) 阿爸, 老豆
Gaozhou (Xindong) 阿爸
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 阿叔, 阿爹, 阿哥, 阿爸
Huazhou (Xin'an) 老子
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 阿爸
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿爸
Mengshan (Xihe) 爸, 哥
Luchuan 阿爸
Sabah (Longchuan) 阿爸
Senai (Huiyang) 阿爸
Singkawang 阿爸
Huizhou Jixi 伯伯, 爹, 老子 <>
Shexian 伯, 爺, 相, 爸爸, 大
Huangshan (Tunxi) 爹, 爺, 爸
Xiuning 爺, 阿爺
Yixian 爹爹, 爸爸, 官人
Qimen 爺兒, 伯兒
Wuyuan 爸爸, 爺
Jin Taiyuan 爸爸, 大大, 大, 爹, 老子 <>
Pingyao 爹
Yangyuan 父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸
Datong 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Xinzhou 大大, 大
Lüliang (Lishi) 父親, 爸爸, 爹, 老子
Changzhi 爸爸, 爹
Linhe 父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子
Jining 爸爸, 大
Hohhot 父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子
Erenhot 父親, 爸爸, 大
Pingshan 爹
Zhangjiakou 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 大
Handan 父親, 爹
Linzhou 爹
Suide 爸爸, 老子
Northern Min Jian'ou 爸爸, 爺爺 dated, 爹 <>
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依爹, 依爸, 依爺 dated, 郎爸 <>
Fuqing 爸, 爸爸, 官, 阿伯, 阿哥, 阿叔
Matsu 依爹
Singapore (Fuqing) 爸爸
Southern Min Xiamen 阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated
Xiamen (Tong'an) 老爸 <>, 俺爸
Quanzhou 阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>
Jinjiang 老爸 <>
Zhangzhou 阿爸, 阿官, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated
Pinghe 娘爸 <>
Yunxiao 阿爸, 娘爸
Zhao'an 爸, 老大 <>, 老爸 <>
Taipei 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
New Taipei (Sanxia) 老歲仔, 老的, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Kaohsiung 爸爸, 阿丈, 阿爸, 阿將, 老爸 <>
Yilan 阿丈, 阿叔, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Changhua (Lukang) 阿府, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Taichung 爸爸, 老爸 <>
Tainan 多桑, 爸爸, 阿叔, 阿爸, 俺二仔, 俺爹, 俺爸, 阿爹, 爹爹, 爹親, 老爸 <>
Hsinchu 阿爹, 爸爸, 老爸 <>
Kinmen 俺爹, 俺爸
Penghu (Magong) 阿爸, 爹, 二仔, 爸爸, 老爸 <>
Penang (Hokkien) 阿爸, 爸, 爸爸, 老爸 <>, 爹 <>, 老的 <>
Singapore (Hokkien) 爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Manila (Hokkien) 爸爸, 爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Chaozhou 阿爸, 阿爹, 阿父 <>, 父 <>
Shantou 阿爸, 阿父 <>, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific
Shantou (Chenghai) 阿爸, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific
Jieyang 阿爸, 阿父, 阿爹
Haifeng 爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 父, 爹
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿父 <>, 爸 <>
Singapore (Teochew) 阿父, 父 <>, 老父 <>
Batam (Teochew) 阿父
Leizhou 爸, 兄 dated, 阿 dated, 尼父 <>, 父 <>, 尼阿 <>, dated
Haikou 阿爹, 阿兄, 阿官, 阿爸, 爸 <>
Puxian Min Putian 阿爸 ><, 郎爸 <>
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 阿爸 ><, 阿爹 ><, rare, 郎爸 <>
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 阿爸, 郎爸 <>
Xianyou 阿爸 ><, 阿爹 ><, 阿老子 <>, 老爸 <>, 郎爸 <>
Xianyou (Fengting) 阿爸 ><, 老師, 阿老子 <>, 老爸 <>
Xianyou (Youyang) 阿爸 ><, 阿爹 ><, 阿老子 <>, 老爸 <>
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 爸爸, 爹, 老子 <>
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 爸, 數字, 數老, 阿叔 dated, 老子 <>
Wu Shanghai 爸爸, 老爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿伯 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 爹爹, 阿爹 uncommon, 爺, 爺爺
Suzhou 爹爹
Danyang 爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
Hangzhou 爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老子 <>
Ningbo 阿伯, 爸爸, 爹 <>, 阿爹 <>, 老頭子
Wenzhou 阿爸, 阿伯, 阿大
Jinhua 伯伯, 爹爹, 爸爸
Jinhua (Tangxi) 伯
Xiang Changsha 爹爹, 爺爺, 爺, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>
Loudi 爹爹, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>, 爺 <>, 老人家 <>
Shuangfeng 爹爹, 爺
Hengyang 爸爸 new-style, 爹爹 old style, 爺老子 <>, 爺 <>, 爺老倌子 <>, 老子 <>
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 大, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺子 <>, 大子 <>
Note >< - face-to-face, <> - non-face-to-face

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 父
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方矩切
Baxter pjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/pioX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 父
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p(r)aʔ/
English (respectful suffix in male names)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 父
Reading # 1/2
No. 3500
Phonetic
component 		父
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		甫
Old
Chinese 		/*paʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

父

  1. (literary, respectful) old man; elderly man
    漁父／渔父  ―  yúfǔ  ―  old fisherman
    田父  ―  tiánfǔ  ―  old farmer
  2. (literary) Alternative form of 甫 (“honorific suffix used after a man's name; courtesy name”)
    梁父山（梁甫山） [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Liángfǔshān (Liángfǔshān) [Pinyin]
    Mount Liangfu (alternately, Mount Liangfu) (in Shandong, China)
  3. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 父
Kyūjitai
父󠄁
父+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
父

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
ちち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 父 (titi), from Proto-Japonic *titi.

Still in modern usage.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

父(ちち) • (chichi) 

  1. father
    野比(のび)のび助(すけ)は、主(しゅ)人(じん)公(こう)のび太(た)の父(ちち)。
    Nobi Nobisuke wa, shujinkō Nobita no chichi.
    Nobi Nobisuke is the father of the protagonist Nobita.
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:
      父(ちち)　爲(す)考(こう)、和(わ)名(めい)知(ち)々(ち)、日(に)本(ほん)紀(き)私(し)記(き)云(いう)加(カ)曾(ソ)
      chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso
      Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
  2. (by extension, figurative) a father figure (male initiator or founder of something)
    近(きん)代(だい)医(い)学(がく)の父(ちち)
    kindai igaku no chichi
    the father of modern medicine
  3. (Christianity) God, the Holy Father
Usage notes
[edit]
  • This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like お父(とう)さん (otōsan) are preferred.
  • This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose, 父(ちち)親(おや) (chichioya) is more common.
Antonyms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
てて
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Appears in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 970 CE.[3]

Glossed as “I[gualmente], chichi. Pay” (“same as chichi. Father”) in Nippo Jisho.[4]

Shift from chichi.[3][5]

Usage continued until at least the early 1700s.[3]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

父(てて) • (tete) 

  1. (archaic) one's own father
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
とと
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[3]

Originally a shift from chichi or tete in baby talk, used by children to refer to their own father.

Still in modern usage.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

父(とと) • (toto) 

  1. (childish) one's own father: daddy
    Coordinate term: 母 (kaka)
  2. (by later extension) a husband, master of the house
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
ちゃん
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
爺

/totosan/ → /totːɕan/ → /t͡ɕan/

Likely a contraction of 父さん (toto-san).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

父(ちゃん) • (chan) 

  1. (informal, possibly dialect) one's own father [from Edo to early-Meiji period]
  2. (by later extension) the head or master of an establishment such as a teahouse, boathouse, etc.

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
ふ
Grade: 2
goon

The “father” and “uncle” affixes is from Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX).

The “old man” affix is from Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

父(ふ) • (fu) 

  1. father
  2. father figure
  3. uncle
  4. old man, elderly man
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 6

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
ほ
Grade: 2
kan'yōon

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

父(ほ) • (ho) 

  1. (honorific) old man
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 7

[edit]
Kanji in this term
父
かそ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨kaso2⟩ → */kasə/ → /kaso/ → /kazo/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE as unvoiced kaso.[1][3] Further derivation unknown.[3]

May have fallen out of use by 1603, when neither kaso nor kazo are found in the Nippo Jisho. Kaso would be here as the sixth entry from the bottom on the left, and kazo would be here as the eighth from the bottom on the right.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

父(かぞ) • (kazo) 

  1. (obsolete) one's own father
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:
      父(ちち)　爲(す)考(こう)、和(わ)名(めい)知(ち)々(ち)、日(に)本(ほん)紀(き)私(し)記(き)云(いう)加(カ)曾(ソ)
      chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso
      Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
Derived terms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ “Tete”, in Nippo Jisho, 1604, page 256
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 父 (MC bjuX, “father”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

父 (eumhun 아비 부 (abi bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 부 (“father”).
  2. Hanja form? of 부 (“elderly male relative”).
Compounds
[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 父 (MC pjuX, “old man; elderly man”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

父 (eumhun 사내 보 (sanae bo))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of 보 (“respectful term for an elderly man”).
    Synonym: 甫 (보 (bo))
Compounds
[edit]
Derived terms

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Reduplication of ti below.[1]

Noun

[edit]

父 (titi) (kana ちち)

  1. one's own father
    Coordinate term: 母 (omo, papa)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3312:
      , text here
      ...奥床仁母者睡有外床丹父者寐有...
      ...okuto2ko2 ni papa pa inetari to1do2ko2 ni titi pa inetari...
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • Japanese: 父 (chichi, tete, toto)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Eastern dialect of titi above.

Noun

[edit]

父 (sisi) (kana しし)

  1. (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese) one's own father
    Antonym: 母 (amo)
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *ti.

Noun

[edit]

父 (ti) (kana ち)

  1. (honorific) a term of respect for males
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 48:
      加志能布邇余久須袁都久理余久須邇迦美斯意富美岐宇麻良爾岐許志母知袁勢麻呂賀知
      kasi no2 pu ni yo2kusu wo tukuri yo2kusu ni kami1si opomi1ki1 umara ni ki1ko2simo2tiwose maro2 ga ti
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      Note: Poem 39 of the Nihon Shoki is similar to this but replaces 迦美斯 (kami1si) with 伽綿蘆 (kame1ru).
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

Unknown.[2]

Noun

[edit]

父 (kaso2) (kana かそ)

  1. one's own father
    Antonym: 母 (iro2pa)
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Ninken, entry 11: sixth year, ninth month in autumn:
      菱城邑人鹿父〈鹿父、人名也。俗、呼父為柯曾〉聞而向前曰「何哭之哀甚、若此乎」。
      A man of Pisikï village, Kakasö (his name is Kakasö; it was customary to call one's father kasö) heard [the woman's] cries, turned to her, and asked, “Why these cries of grief, young one?”
Descendants
[edit]
  • Japanese: 父 (kazo)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

父: Hán Việt readings: phụ (扶(phù)雨(vũ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
父: Nôm readings: phụ[1][3][5], phủ[1]

Affix

[edit]

父 (phụ)

  1. Chữ Hán form of phụ (“father”).
  2. Chữ Hán form of phụ (“elderly male relative”).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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