達

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See also: 达
達 U+9054, 達
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9054
← 道
[U+9053] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 違 →
[U+9055]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

達 (radical 162, 辵+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜土廿手 (YGTQ), four-corner 34304, composition ⿺辶𦍒)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1262, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39011
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1755, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3855, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9054

Chinese[edit]

trad. 達
simp. 达*
alternative forms 𨔬
逹

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (羍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
羍 *tʰaːd
達 *tʰaːd, *daːd
闥 *tʰaːd
撻 *tʰaːd, *tʰaːd
躂 *tʰaːd
澾 *tʰaːd
薘 *daːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰaːd, *daːd): semantic 辶 + phonetic 羍 (OC *tʰaːd).

Note that inner component is not 幸 – these are not related, and there is an extra stroke in 達 (two horizontal strokes at the bottom, not one).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dat (“live; alive”). Cognate with Tibetan སྡོད (sdod, “to stay; to sit; to live”) and Proto-Lolo-Burmese *dat (“alive”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 達
Mandarin Beijing /ta³⁵/
Harbin /ta²⁴/
Tianjin /tɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ta⁴²/
Qingdao /ta⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ta⁴²/
Xi'an /ta²⁴/
Xining /ta²⁴/
Yinchuan /ta¹³/
Lanzhou /ta⁵³/
/tʰa⁵³/ 姓
Ürümqi /ta⁵¹/
Wuhan /ta²¹³/
Chengdu /ta³¹/
Guiyang /ta²¹/
Kunming /ta̠³¹/
Nanjing /tɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /tɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /taʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /tʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /taʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /daʔ¹/
Suzhou /daʔ³/
Hangzhou /dɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /da²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰa²²/
Tunxi /tɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ta²⁴/
Xiangtan /tɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tʰaʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tʰɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tat̚²/
Nanning /tat̚²²/
Hong Kong /tat̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tat̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /taʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tuɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tak̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdak̚³/
Rime
Character 達
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 唐割切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dat̚/
Li
Rong 		/dɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/dɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dá
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 達
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]ˁat/
English arrive at

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 達
Reading # 2/2
No. 1929
Phonetic
component 		羍
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		達
Old
Chinese 		/*daːd/

Definitions[edit]

達

  1. to lead to; to go to
  2. to reach; to arrive at
  3. to achieve; to attain
  4. to thoroughly understand; to understand
  5. to express; to convey
  6. current; general; common
  7. optimistic; philosophical
  8. illustrious; influential; intelligent
  9. everywhere; all over
  10. onomatopoeia for the collision of objects
  11. 15th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "reach" (𝌔)
  12. (～縣) Da County (modern-day Dachuan District in Dazhou, Sichuan)
  13. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 達

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 達
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他達切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰat̚/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ta
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 達
Reading # 1/2
No. 1923
Phonetic
component 		羍
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		闥
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːd/

Definitions[edit]

達

  1. † Only used in 挑達／挑达 (“coming and going freely; frivolous”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 達

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

達

  1. † slippery; smooth

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

達

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
達
たち
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Kanji in this term
達
だち > たち
Grade: 4
goon

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

The ultimate derivation is unknown, but this might be a nativized borrowing from Middle Chinese 達 (/dɑt̚/, perhaps from the “general, common; everywhere, all over” senses?), possibly cognate with Korean 들 (deul, plural marker).

The tachi reading is analyzed by some references[2] as kun'yomi or a native-Japanese reading. Alternatively, this might be a shift from the goon reading of dachi.

Suffix[edit]

達(たち) • (-tachi) 

  1. plural marker
    子(こ)供(ども)、子(こ)供(ども)達(たち)、俺(おれ)、俺(おれ)達(たち)
    kodomo, kodomotachi, ore, oretachi
    child, children, I, we
    • 1994 March 25, Ragawa, Marimo, “赤(あか)ちゃんと僕(ぼく)　第(だい)33話(わ) [Baby & Me: Chapter 33]”, in 赤ちゃんと僕 [Baby & Me], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 27:
      この鳥(とり)達(たち)だって邪(じゃ)魔(ま)じゃないか
      Kono tori-tachi datte jama ja nai ka
      But aren’t these birds a bit of a hindrance?
  2. attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group
    杏(きょう)子(こ)ちゃんたち
    Kyōko-chan-tachi
    Kyōko-chan and her friend(s)
    • 2004 April 7, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第(だい)８話(わ)　ロックオン [Chapter 8: Lock On]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 2, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 23:
      六(ろく)舛(ます)達(たち)集(あや)めて先(さき)に玄(げん)関(かん)で待(ま)っててくれ
      Rokumasu-tachi ayamete saki ni genkan de matte tekure
      Go get Rokumasu and the others and wait for me at the entrance, will you?
  3. (archaic, possibly obsolete) honorific suffix

Usage notes[edit]

Note that tachi only clarifies that the number of people in question is more than one. It could be omitted when the plurality is already clear by context or considered negligible. The plurality marked with tachi is not syntactic. Tachi is normally used only for people.

Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4240), text here
  2. ^ Jim Breen's WWWJDIC, 達 character entry here

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

達 • (dal) (hangeul 달)

  1. (통할 달, tonghal-) to reach, pass through

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

達 (đạt, đác, đặt, đật, đợt, thớt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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