割

割 U+5272, 割 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272 ← 剱 [U+5271] CJK Unified Ideographs 剳 → [U+5273]

割 U+2F822, 割 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F822 ← 剆 [U+2F821] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 剷 → [U+2F823]

Translingual

Han character

割 (radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十口中弓 (JRLN), four-corner 3260₀, composition ⿰害刂)

Derived characters

• 𢵷, 𥢫, 𫗛, 𦺧, 𬕲, 𫦢

References

• KangXi: page 142, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2112
• Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 351, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5272

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Chinese

trad.		割
simp. #		割

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
轄	*kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	*kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːd): phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 刂.

Etymology

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-ra-t (“cut; slash”), to which 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), 剌 (OC *raːd, “to cut; perverse”) are also compared. Descended from the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root are Tibetan དྲ་བ (dra ba, “to cut”) and Burmese ရှန (hra.na., “wounded”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gē (ge¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): гуә (guə, I) / гә (gə, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): got³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kot
• Jin (Wiktionary): guah⁴
• Min Bei (KCR): gŏ̤
• Min Dong (BUC): gák
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): koah / kat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guah⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): keq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gē
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
    • Wade–Giles: ko1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ge
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: гуә (guə, I) / гә (gə, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuə²⁴/, /kə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: got³
    • Yale: got
    • Cantonese Pinyin: got⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: god³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kot
    • Hakka Romanization System: god`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: god⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kot̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: guah⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuaʔ²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah / kat
    • Tâi-lô: kuah / kat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaq, kad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/, /kat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/, /kat̚³²/

Note:

• koah - vernacular;
• kat - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guah⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuah
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaʔ²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: keq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kəʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 割
Mandarin	Beijing	/kɤ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ka²¹³/ /ka⁴⁴/ /ka²⁴/ /kɤ²¹³/ /kɤ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/kɤ²¹/
	Jinan	/kə²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ka⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kɤ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kɤ²¹/
	Xining	/ku⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kuo²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ko³¹/
	Guiyang	/ko²¹/
	Kunming	/ko³¹/
	Nanjing	/koʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kəʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kø²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kɔʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kuːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ko²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ko²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɵʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kot̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kot̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɔt̚³/
	Nanning	/kɔt̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kɔt̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuaʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kua⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɑt̚/

Rime
Character	割
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古達切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kat̚/
Li Rong	/kɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ge

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-kˤat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	割
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gē
Middle Chinese	‹ kat ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-kˁat/
English	cut (v.); harm (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	割
Reading #	1/1
No.	4851
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	葛
Old Chinese	/*kaːd/

Definitions

割

1. to cut; to cut apart
2. 70th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "severance" (𝍋)

Compounds

• 不可分割
• 交割 (jiāogē)
• 任人宰割
• 分割 (fēngē)
• 分割區／分割区
• 切割 (qiēgē)
• 切割機／切割机
• 割傷／割伤 (gēshāng)
• 割價／割价
• 割切
• 割包 (gēbāo)
• 割包皮 (gē bāopí)
• 割取
• 割和青
• 割喉 (gēhóu)
• 割地 (gēdì)
• 割尾巴
• 割席
• 割愛／割爱 (gē'ài)
• 割捆機／割捆机
• 割捨／割舍 (gēshě)
• 割掉
• 割接

• 割接法
• 割據／割据 (gējù)
• 割斷／割断 (gēduàn)
• 割曬機／割晒机
• 割棄／割弃
• 割治
• 割漆
• 割炬
• 割禮／割礼 (gēlǐ)
• 割禾
• 割禾青
• 割線／割线 (gēxiàn)
• 割肚牽腸／割肚牵肠
• 割股 (gēgǔ)
• 割股療親／割股疗亲
• 割脈／割脉
• 割膠／割胶
• 割臂之盟
• 割草 (gēcǎo)
• 割草機／割草机 (gēcǎojī)
• 割蜜
• 割袍斷義／割袍断义
• 割裂 (gēliè)

• 割讓／割让 (gēràng)
• 割除 (gēchú)
• 割雞焉用牛刀／割鸡焉用牛刀 (gējī yān yòng niúdāo)
• 割頸／割颈
• 宰割 (zǎigē)
• 封建割據／封建割据 (fēngjiàn gējù)
• 心如刀割 (xīnrúdāogē)
• 忍痛割愛／忍痛割爱
• 收割 (shōugē)
• 收割機／收割机 (shōugējī)
• 收割者
• 正割 (zhènggē)
• 氣割／气割
• 氧割
• 聯合收割機／联合收割机 (liánhé shōugējī)
• 臠割／脔割
• 自割
• 鉛刀一割／铅刀一割
• 閹割／阉割 (yāngē)
• 雙曲餘割／双曲余割
• 難割難捨／难割难舍
• 餘割／余割 (yúgē)
• 黃金分割／黄金分割 (huángjīn fēngē)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (割):

• → Japanese: 割(かち) (kachi); 割(かつ) (katsu)
• → Korean: 할 (割, hal)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00366

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Japanese

Kanji

割

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. divide, cut
2. proportion

Readings

• Go-on: かち (kachi)
• Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: さく (saku, 割く, Jōyō); わる (waru, 割る, Jōyō); われる (wareru, 割れる, Jōyō); わり (wari, 割, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 割愛(かつあい) (katsuai)
• 割拠(かっきょ) (kakkyo)
• 割譲(かつじょう) (katsujō)
• 割腹(かっぷく) (kappuku)
• 割烹(かっぽう) (kappō)
• 割合(わりあい) (wariai)
• 割引(わりびき) (waribiki)
• 割(わ)り算(ざん) (warizan)
• 割(わ)り箸(ばし) (waribashi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
割
わり Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

割(わり) • (wari) 

1. proportion

   割(わり)に合(あ)わない

   wari ni awa nai

   unfit for the proportion

2. tenth

   二(に)割(わり)

   ni wari

   two-tenths

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
割
かつ Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Affix

割(かつ) • (katsu) 

1. cut; division

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Korean

Hanja

割 (eumhun 벨 할 (bel hal))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Miyako

Kanji

割

• Kun: ばーㇲ゙ (割ーㇲ゙, bāz)

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Vietnamese

Han character

割 (cát, cắt, xắt)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yaeyama

Kanji

割

• Kun: ばるん (割るん, barun)

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Yonaguni

Kanji

割

• Kun: ばるん (割るん, barun)