割

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
割 U+5272, 割
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272
← 剱
[U+5271] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剳 →
[U+5273]

割 U+2F822, 割
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F822
← 剆
[U+2F821] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 剷 →
[U+2F823]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

割 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十口中弓 (JRLN), four-corner 32600, composition ⿰害刂)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 142, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2112
  • Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 351, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5272

Chinese[edit]

trad. 割
simp. # 割
2nd round simp. 刈
alternative forms 㓣 ancient
刈 Min Nan
𠛛
𠛷

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
轄 *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害 *ɡaːds
犗 *kraːds
幰 *qʰanʔ
攇 *qʰanʔ
憲 *hŋans
瀗 *qʰans
割 *kaːd
磍 *kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎 *qʰraːd
鎋 *ɡraːd
鶷 *ɡraːd
縖 *ɡraːd
豁 *qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːd): phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 刂.

Etymology[edit]

According to Schuessler (2007), from Sino-Tibetan and an area word. Externally, cognate with Tibetan འགས་པ ('gas pa, “to split; to break; to burst apart”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *kat ~ *kaat (“to cut”), whence Khmer កាត់ (kat, “to cut”) and Proto-South-Bahnaric *kat ("to chop; to cut"). Within Chinese, cognate with 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), and 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), which is perhaps the r-causative of 割 (OC *kaːd).

On the other hand, STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-ra-t (“cut; slash”), to which 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), 剌 (OC *raːd, “to cut; perverse”) are also compared. Descended from the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root are Tibetan དྲ་བ (dra ba, “to cut”) and Burmese ရှန (hra.na., “wounded”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • koah - vernacular;
  • kat - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 割
    Mandarin Beijing /kɤ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ka²¹³/
    /ka⁴⁴/
    /ka²⁴/
    /kɤ²¹³/
    /kɤ²⁴/
    Tianjin /kɤ²¹/
    Jinan /kə²¹³/
    /ka²¹³/
    Qingdao /ka⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kɤ²¹/
    Xining /ku⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kə¹³/
    Lanzhou /kə¹³/
    Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /kuo²¹³/
    Chengdu /ko³¹/
    Guiyang /ko²¹/
    Kunming /ko³¹/
    Nanjing /koʔ⁵/
    Hefei /kɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /kaʔ²/
    Pingyao /kʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /kaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /kəʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /kəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /kɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /kø²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /kɔʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /kuːə⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ko²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ko²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /kɵʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kot̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kot̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔt̚³/
    Nanning /kɔt̚³³/
    Hong Kong /kɔt̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kat̚³²/
    /kuaʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɔ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kuaʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kua⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 割
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 寒 (63)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古達切
    Baxter kat
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kɑt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ge
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		got3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 割
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gē
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kat ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə-kˁat/
    English cut (v.); harm (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 割
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4851
    Phonetic
    component         		害
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		葛
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kaːd/

    Definitions[edit]

    割

    1. to cut; to cut apart
    2. to divide; to cut apart; to break up; to partition; to split
    3. 70th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "severance" (𝍋)
    4. to cut in self-harm; short for 割腕 (gēwàn).
    5. (literary, or in compounds) to give up; to abandon; to reject; to discard
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to divide):
    • (to give up):

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (割):
    • → Japanese: 割(かち) (kachi); 割(かつ) (katsu)
    • → Korean: 할(割) (hal)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    割

    1. Only used in 割包 (gēbāo).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 割
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2]
    割
    &#x2F822;
    or
    割+&#xFE00;?
    割󠄀
    割+&#xE0100;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    割󠄅
    割+&#xE0105;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    割

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 割)

    1. divide, cut
    2. proportion

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    割
    わり
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    割(わり) • (wari) 

    1. proportion
      割(わり)に合(あ)わない
      wari ni awanai
      unfit for the proportion
    2. tenth
      二(に)割(わり)
      ni wari
      two-tenths

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    割
    かつ
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    割(かつ) • (katsu) 

    1. cut; division

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 308 (paper), page 204 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 228 (paper), page 126 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
    3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    割 (eumhun 벨 할 (bel hal))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    割

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    割: Hán Nôm readings: cát, cắt, xắt, cạt

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    割

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    割

    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=割&oldid=73908168"