憲

See also: 宪

憲 U+61B2, 憲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B2 ← 憱 [U+61B1] CJK Unified Ideographs 憳 → [U+61B3]

憲 U+2F8AC, 憲 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AC ← 憎 [U+2F8AB] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 憤 → [U+2F8AD]

Translingual

Han character

憲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十手一心 (JQMP), four-corner 3033₆, composition ⿱𡩜心)

References

• KangXi: page 404, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11269
• Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2351, character 9
• Unihan data for U+61B2

• Unihan data for U+2F8AC

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Chinese

trad.		憲
simp.		宪
alternative forms		𢞩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
轄	*kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	*kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hién / hián

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hian³

• Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̿ing
• Min Dong (BUC): hièng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang³

• Wu (Wiktionary): xi (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Wade–Giles: hsien4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hin³
    • Yale: hin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hién
    • Hakka Romanization System: hien`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hian<sup>3</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hián
    • Hakka Romanization System: hian`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯an³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hian³
    • Sinological IPA: /çian³¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̿ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
    • Tâi-lô: hiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: xi (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 憲
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɪ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hian³¹/
	Taoyuan	/hien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hin³³/
	Nanning	/hin³³/
	Hong Kong	/hin³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyɔŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /hɨɐn^H/

Rime
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許建切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐnH/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐnH/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨanH/
Li Rong	/xiɐnH/
Wang Li	/xĭɐnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjonH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰar/ (~ *qʰar-s)
English	law; model; rule
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
No.	4849
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	獻
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/

Definitions

憲

1. (literary) law; statue
2. Short for 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ, “constitution”).
3. (archaic) example; model
4. (archaic) to promulgate; to publish
5. (archaic) to follow an example; to emulate

Compounds

• 三權憲法／三权宪法
• 五五憲草／五五宪草
• 五權憲法／五权宪法
• 修憲／修宪 (xiūxiàn)
• 刊憲／刊宪 (kānxiàn)
• 刑憲／刑宪
• 制憲／制宪
• 制憲權／制宪权
• 剛性憲法／刚性宪法
• 原憲貧／原宪贫
• 合憲／合宪 (héxiàn)
• 君主立憲／君主立宪
• 國憲／国宪
• 大憲章／大宪章 (Dà Xiànzhāng)
• 天憲／天宪
• 威瑪憲法／威玛宪法
• 官憲／官宪
• 布憲／布宪
• 彝憲／彝宪 (yíxiàn)

• 恪守成憲／恪守成宪
• 憲令／宪令
• 憲兵／宪兵 (xiànbīng)
• 憲兵隊／宪兵队 (xiànbīngduì)
• 憲典／宪典
• 憲則／宪则
• 憲司／宪司
• 憲報／宪报 (Xiànbào)
• 憲憲／宪宪
• 憲政／宪政 (xiànzhèng)
• 憲政時期／宪政时期
• 憲書／宪书
• 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ)
• 憲牌／宪牌
• 憲章／宪章 (xiànzhāng)
• 憲節／宪节
• 憲綱／宪纲
• 憲網／宪网
• 憲罰／宪罚

• 憲臺／宪台
• 成文憲法／成文宪法
• 時憲書／时宪书 (shíxiànshū)
• 朝憲／朝宪
• 柔性憲法／柔性宪法
• 洪憲／洪宪 (Hóngxiàn)
• 洪憲帝制／洪宪帝制
• 火憲／火宪
• 禮憲／礼宪
• 程序修憲／程序修宪
• 立憲／立宪 (lìxiàn)
• 立憲政體／立宪政体
• 立憲運動／立宪运动
• 聯邦憲法／联邦宪法
• 行憲／行宪
• 違憲／违宪 (wéixiàn)
• 釋憲／释宪 (shìxiàn)
• 風憲／风宪
• 體憲／体宪

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #11672”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

憲

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. constitution; basic law

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: のり (nori, 憲); おきて (okite)

Compounds

Compounds

• 違(い)憲(けん) (iken)
• 改(かい)憲(けん) (kaiken)
• 家(か)憲(けん) (kaken)
• 官(かん)憲(けん) (kanken)
• 憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kenpō)
• 憲(けん)兵(ぺい) (kenpei)

• 国(こっ)憲(けん) (kokken)
• 合(ごう)憲(けん) (gōken)
• 護(ご)憲(けん) (goken)
• 朝(ちょう)憲(けん) (chōken)
• 立(りっ)憲(けん) (rikken)

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Korean

Hanja

憲 (eumhun 법 헌 (beop heon))

1. Hanja form^? of 법 (“law”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

憲: Hán Nôm readings: hiến

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.