憲

See also: 宪

憲 U+61B2, 憲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B2 ← 憱 [U+61B1] CJK Unified Ideographs 憳 → [U+61B3]

Translingual

Han character

憲 (radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十手一心 (JQMP), four-corner 3033₆, composition ⿱𡩜心)

References

• KangXi: page 404, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11269
• Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2351, character 9
• Unihan data for U+61B2

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Chinese

trad.		憲
simp.		宪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
轄	*kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	*kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hién / hián
• Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̿ing
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hin³
    • Yale: hin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hin³
    • IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hién
    • Hakka Romanization System: hien`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hian<sup>3</sup>
    • IPA: /hi̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hián
    • Hakka Romanization System: hian`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
    • IPA: /hi̯an³¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̿ing
    • IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
    • Tâi-lô: hiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng
    • IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ²¹³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 憲
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɪ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hian³¹/
	Taoyuan	/hien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hin³³/
	Nanning	/hin³³/
	Hong Kong	/hin³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyɔŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /hɨɐn^H/▼

Rime
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許建切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐnH/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐnH/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨanH/
Li Rong	/xiɐnH/
Wang Li	/xĭɐnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjonH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰar/ (~ *qʰar-s)
English	law; model; rule
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
No.	4849
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	獻
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/

Definitions

憲

1. (pre-modern usage) law
2. Short for 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ, “constitution”).

Compounds

• 合憲／合宪
• 憲一／宪一
• 憲三／宪三
• 憲人／宪人

• 憲伸／宪伸
• 憲兵／宪兵 (xiànbīng)
• 憲司／宪司
• 憲子／宪子

• 憲政／宪政 (xiànzhèng)
• 柱憲／柱宪
• 立憲／立宪 (lìxiàn)
• 違憲／违宪 (wéixiàn)

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #11672”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

憲

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. constitution; basic law

Readings

• Goon: こん (kon)
• Kan’on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: のり (nori, 憲); おきて (okite)

Compounds

• 違憲
• 改憲
• 家憲
• 官憲
• 憲法
• 憲兵
• 国憲
• 合憲
• 護憲
• 朝憲
• 立憲

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Korean

Hanja

憲 • (heon) (hangeul 헌, revised heon, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, Yale hen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

憲 (hiến)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.