害

害	U+5BB3, 害 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB3

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order (Taiwan)

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character[edit]

害 (radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十手十口 (JQJR) or 十手一口 (JQMR), four-corner 3060₁, composition ⿳宀丰口)

Derived characters[edit]

割轄

References[edit]

KangXi: page 286, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7165
Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 929, character 5
Unihan data for U+5BB3

Chinese[edit]

trad.		害
simp. ^#		害

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
轄	kʰaːds, ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	kreːd, kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːds): semantic 宀 + semantic 口 + phonetic 丯 (OC *kreːds).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hài (hai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hoi

(Meixian, Guangdong): hoi⁴
Min Bei (KCR): huōi
Min Dong (BUC): hâi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): hai⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): hhe (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hài
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hay
  - IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi⁶
  - Yale: hoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: hoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hoi⁴
  - IPA: /hoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hoi⁴
  - IPA: /hoɪ⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huōi
  - IPA ^(key): /xuɛ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hâi
  - IPA ^(key): /hɑi²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi
  - Tâi-lô: hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /haɪ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /haɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /haɪ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /haɪ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /haɪ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hāi
  - IPA ^(key): /hai¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhe (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɦe̞²³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 害
Mandarin	Beijing	/xai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xai⁵³/ /xai²¹³/ ～怕
	Tianjin	/xai⁵³/
	Jinan	/xɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/xɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/xai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/xɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/xɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xai¹³/
	Guiyang	/xai²¹³/
	Kunming	/xæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/xae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/xe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦe̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦe̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦe²²/
Hui	Shexian	/xɛ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/xuə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xai⁵⁵/ /xai¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/hai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/hoi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɔi²²/
	Nanning	/hɔi²²/
	Hong Kong	/hɔi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hai²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hai³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hai³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɑi^H/▼

Rime
Character	害
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaj^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɑi^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hài

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤat-s/, /*m-kˤat-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	害	害
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hài	hài
Middle Chinese	‹ haj^H ›	‹ haj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁat-s/	/*m-kˁat-s/
English	be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.)	hurt (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	害
Reading #	1/1
No.	4845
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	害
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːds/
Notes	金文非丯聲，似𥎆初文加古聲，㝬通胡

Definitions[edit]

害

to harm; to maim; to injure
to cause to do; to result in (something unfavourable)
- 航班晚點了，害我多等了兩個小時。 [MSC, trad.]
  航班晚点了，害我多等了两个小时。 [MSC, simp.]
  Hángbān wǎndiǎn le, hài wǒ duō děng le liǎng ge xiǎoshí. [Pinyin]
  The flight was delayed, causing me to wait for another two hours.
to kill; to murder
to suffer from
to feel (an adverse sentiment)
harm; disaster; calamity
crucial point; vital point
harmful; injurious
(Min Nan) broken

Antonyms[edit]

益 (yì, “benefit”)
利 (lì, “benefit”)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 害

害喜 (hàixǐ)
害夏
害天災／害天灾
害心 (hàixīn)
害怕 (hàipà)
害慌
害死 (hàisǐ)
害死人
害民 (hàimín)
害熱／害热
害獸／害兽
害病 (hàibìng)
害發／害发
害眼
害羞 (hàixiū)
害群之馬／害群之马 (hàiqúnzhīmǎ)
害肚子
害臊 (hàisào)
害苦
害處／害处 (hàichù)
害蟲／害虫 (hàichóng)
害酒
害頭疼／害头疼
害馬／害马
害鳥／害鸟 (hàiniǎo)
寒害
弊害
患害
戕害 (qiānghài)
戕害不辜
扳害
排害
損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
損害賠償／损害赔偿
暗害 (ànhài)
有害 (yǒuhài)
有害無利／有害无利
殘害／残害 (cánhài)
殘民害物／残民害物
殘賢害善／残贤害善
殺害／杀害 (shāhài)
毒害 (dúhài)
民害
求生害義／求生害义
災害／灾害 (zāihài)
災害救濟／灾害救济
為害／为害 (wéihài)
為民除害／为民除害

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hot³, hot⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hot³, hot⁶
  - Yale: hot, hoht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hot⁸, hot⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hod³, hod⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/

Definitions[edit]

害

^† Alternative form of 曷 (hé, “why not”).

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
Kan-on: かい (kai)
Kun: そこなう (sokonau, 害なう)^{←そこなふ (sokonafu, historical)}; あやめる (ayameru, 害める); わざわい (wazawai, 害い)^{←わざはひ (wazafafi, historical)}

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
害
がい Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 害 (haj^H, “injury”).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) がい [gáꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ɡa̠i]

Noun[edit]

害 (hiragana がい, rōmaji gai)

injury, harm, damage

Antonyms[edit]

益 (えき) (eki, “benefit”)
利 (り) (ri, “benefit”)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

害 (がい)悪 (あく) (gaiaku)
害 (がい)獣 (じゅう) (gaijū, “harmful animal”)
害 (がい)虫 (ちゅう) (gaichū, “harmful insect”)
害 (がい)鳥 (ちょう) (gaichō, “harmful bird”)
害 (がい)毒 (どく) (gaidoku)
危 (き)害 (がい) (kigai)
災 (さい)害 (がい) (saigai)
殺 (さつ)害 (がい) (satsugai)
残 (ざん)害 (がい) (zangai)
自 (じ)害 (がい) (jigai)
水 (すい)害 (がい) (suigai)
損 (そん)害 (がい) (songai)
被 (ひ)害 (がい) (higai)
風 (ふう)害 (がい) (fūgai)
無 (む)害 (がい) (mugai)
有 (ゆう)害 (がい) (yūgai)
利 (り)害 (がい) (rigai)

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

害 • (hae, hal) (hangeul 해, 할, revised hae, hal, McCune–Reischauer hae, hal)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

害 (hại)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

害

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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