公害

Chinese

		just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (公害)		公	害
simp. #(公害)		公	害

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōnghài

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ hoi⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-hāi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōnghài
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gonghài
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-hai⁴
    • Yale: gūng-hài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonghay
    • Palladius: гунхай (gunxaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹ hoi⁶
    • Yale: gūng hoih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ hoi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ hoi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: kong-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: konghai
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ hai⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai³³/

Noun

公害

1. social effects of pollution; environmental pollution
2. public nuisance or hazard

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (公害):

• → Japanese: 公(こう)害(がい) (kōgai)
• → Korean: 공해(公害) (gonghae)

Others:

• → Zhuang: goenghaih

Japanese

Kanji in this term
公	害
こう Grade: 2	がい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɡa̠i]
• (Tokyo) こーがい [kòógáí] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

公(こう)害(がい) • (kōgai) 

1. pollution
2. public nuisance

References

• “公害”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
公	害

Noun

公害 • (gonghae) (hangeul 공해)

1. hanja form^? of 공해