違

See also: 违

違 U+9055, 違 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9055 ← 達 [U+9054] CJK Unified Ideographs 遖 → [U+9056]

Translingual

Han character

違 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 12 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 卜木一手 (YDMQ), four-corner 3430₄, composition ⿺辶韋)

Derived characters

• 𮉏

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1262, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39067
• Dae Jaweon: page 1756, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3868, character 4
• Unihan data for U+9055

Chinese

trad.		違
simp.		违

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 違
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (韋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
禕	*qral
郼	*qʷɯl
褘	*qʰʷɯl
諱	*qʰʷɯls
媁	*qʷɯl, *ɢʷɯlʔ
幃	*ɢʷɯl
違	*ɢʷɯl
圍	*ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls
韋	*ɢʷɯl
闈	*ɢʷɯl
湋	*ɢʷɯl
鍏	*ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯlʔ
潿	*ɢɯl
韙	*ɢʷɯlʔ
煒	*ɢʷɯlʔ
暐	*ɢʷɯlʔ
偉	*ɢʷɯlʔ
瑋	*ɢʷɯlʔ
葦	*ɢʷɯlʔ
椲	*ɢʷɯlʔ
韡	*ɢʷɯlʔ
愇	*ɢʷɯlʔ
緯	*ɢʷɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷɯl): semantic 辶 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wéi (wei²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wei²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): vì

  (Hailu, HRS): vui

• Eastern Min (BUC): ùi
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ui²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ûi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ui⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
    • Wade–Giles: wei²
    • Yale: wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wei²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uei²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wai⁴
    • Yale: wàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vì
    • Hakka Romanization System: vi^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vi²
    • Sinological IPA: /vi¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: vui
    • Sinological IPA: /vui⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ùi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ui²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: úi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ui²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
    • Tâi-lô: uî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ui⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ûi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: hjw+j

Rime
Character	違
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨非切
Baxter	hjw+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuj/
Li Rong	/ɣiuəi/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwəi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/we̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	違
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/
English	go against
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	違
Reading #	1/1
No.	12815
Phonetic component	韋
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	幃
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯl/

Definitions

違

1. to disobey, to violate

   違規／违规  ―  wéiguī  ―  to violate regulations

   • 孝子之養老也，樂其心不違其志。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     孝子之养老也，乐其心不违其志。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Xiàozǐ zhī yǎnglǎo yě, lè qí xīn bù wéi qí zhì. [Pinyin]

     A filial son, in nourishing his aged, (seeks to) make their hearts glad, and not to go against their wishes.

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to leave; to depart; to go away from

   • 何斯違斯，莫敢遑息？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     何斯违斯，莫敢遑息？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hé sī wéi sī, mò gǎn huáng xī? [Pinyin]

     How was it he went away from this, not daring to take a little rest?

3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be separated by (a distance of); to be apart by
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to dodge; to avoid

Compounds

• 不得有違 / 不得有违
• 不違 / 不违
• 不違農時 / 不违农时 (bùwéinóngshí)
• 久違 / 久违 (jiǔwéi)
• 久違顏範 / 久违颜范
• 乖違 / 乖违
• 事與願違 / 事与愿违 (shìyǔyuànwéi)
• 依違 / 依违
• 依違兩可 / 依违两可
• 南北睽違 / 南北睽违
• 多違 / 多违
• 實質違建 / 实质违建
• 尤違 / 尤违
• 弼違 / 弼违
• 德音莫違 / 德音莫违
• 悖理違情 / 悖理违情
• 暌違 / 暌违 (kuíwéi)
• 犯法違理 / 犯法违理
• 玉體違和 / 玉体违和
• 相違 / 相违 (xiāngwéi)
• 睽違 / 睽违 (kuíwéi)
• 程序違建 / 程序违建
• 糾繆繩違 / 纠缪绳违
• 負心違願 / 负心违愿
• 貴體違和 / 贵体违和
• 辟違 (pìwéi)
• 逆天違理 / 逆天违理
• 逆理違天 / 逆理违天
• 違世遁俗 / 违世遁俗
• 違令 / 违令 (wéilìng)
• 違例 / 违例 (wéilì)
• 違信背約 / 违信背约
• 違利赴名 / 违利赴名
• 違反 / 违反 (wéifǎn)
• 違和 / 违和 (wéihé)
• 違命 / 违命
• 違天害理 / 违天害理
• 違天悖理 / 违天悖理
• 違害就利 / 违害就利
• 違建 / 违建 (wéijiàn)
• 違強陵弱 / 违强陵弱
• 違心 / 违心 (wéixīn)
• 違心之言 / 违心之言
• 違心之論 / 违心之论
• 違恩負義 / 违恩负义
• 違憲 / 违宪 (wéixiàn)
• 違抗 / 违抗 (wéikàng)
• 違拗 / 违拗 (wéi'ào)
• 違旨 / 违旨
• 違時絕俗 / 违时绝俗
• 違法 / 违法 (wéifǎ)
• 違法亂紀 / 违法乱纪 (wéifǎluànjì)
• 違犯 / 违犯 (wéifàn)
• 違礙 / 违碍 (wéi'ài)
• 違禁 / 违禁 (wéijìn)
• 違禁品 / 违禁品 (wéijìnpǐn)
• 違約 / 违约 (wéiyuē)
• 違紀 / 违纪 (wéijì)
• 違約交割 / 违约交割
• 違紀參選 / 违纪参选
• 違約金 / 违约金 (wéiyuējīn)
• 違背 / 违背 (wéibèi)
• 違規 / 违规 (wéiguī)
• 違言 / 违言
• 違誤 / 违误 (wéiwù)
• 違警 / 违警 (wéijǐng)
• 違警罰法 / 违警罚法
• 違越 / 违越
• 違逆 / 违逆 (wéinì)
• 違章建築 / 违章建筑
• 陽奉陰違 / 阳奉阴违 (yángfèngyīnwéi)
• 陽順陰違 / 阳顺阴违
• 隱不違親 / 隐不违亲

References

• “違”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	違
Kyūjitai	違󠄂 違+󠄂? (Adobe-Japan1)
	違󠄅 違+󠄅? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

違

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to differ, to vary
2. to be incorrect, to make a mistake
3. to run counter to, to go against, to defy

Readings

• Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
• Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
• Kun: ちがう (chigau, 違う, Jōyō)^{←ちがふ (tigafu, 違ふ, historical)}、ちがえる (chigaeru, 違える, Jōyō)^{←ちがへる (tigaferu, 違へる, historical)}、たがう (tagau, 違う)^{←たがふ (tagafu, 違ふ, historical)}、たがえる (tagaeru, 違える)^{←たがへる (tagaferu, 違へる, historical)}、さる (saru, 違る)、そむく (somuku, 違く)、よこしま (yokoshima, 違)

Compounds

• 勘(かん)違(ちが)い (kanchigai)
• 筋(す)違(じか)い, 筋(す)違(じかい) (sujikai)
• 方(かた)違(たが)い (katatagai)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
違
い Grade: S
on'yomi

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 違 (MC hjw+j).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Affix

違(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)?}

1. differ; vary
2. go against; run counter to; disobey

Derived terms

• 違(い)令(れい) (irei)
• 違(い)例(れい) (irei)
• 違(い)反(はん) (ihan)
• 違(い)和(わ)感(かん) (iwakan)
• 違(い)失(しつ) (ishitsu)
• 違(い)憲(けん) (iken)
• 違(い)法(ほう) (ihō)
• 違(い)犯(はん) (ihan)
• 違(い)算(さん) (isan)
• 違(い)約(やく) (iyaku)
• 違(い)背(はい) (ihai)
• 相(そう)違(い) (sōi)
• 非(ひ)違(い) (hī)

Korean

Hanja

違 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

違: Hán Nôm readings: vi

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.