巴

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See also: 色, 笆, and 邑
巴 U+5DF4, 巴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF4
← 巳
[U+5DF3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 巵 →
[U+5DF5]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

巴 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 日山 (AU), four-corner 77717, composition ⿴巳丨)

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 巴:

Wikisource


  • KangXi: page 327, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8745
  • Dae Jaweon: page 631, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 985, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5DF4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 巴

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 巴
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
巴-oracle.svg 巴-seal.svg 巴-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (巴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
巴 *praː
芭 *praː
笆 *praː, *braːʔ
豝 *praː
鈀 *praː, *pʰraː
吧 *praː, *pʰraː
蚆 *praː, *pʰraː
疤 *praː
把 *praːʔ
爸 *praːs, *baʔ
弝 *praːs
靶 *praːs
葩 *pʰraː
舥 *pʰraː
妑 *pʰraː
帊 *pʰraːs
琶 *braː
爬 *braː
杷 *braː, *braːs, *braːs
跁 *braːʔ, *braːs
耙 *braːs

Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake.

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Are all these senses related? Some have proposed that these are all derived from the snake sense.”)

"huge snake"
Unclear. Compare
"bar" (unit of pressure)
Borrowed from English bar.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: pa - only in 巴士.
Note:
  • 1pa - literary;
  • 1po - vernacular.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 巴
    Mandarin Beijing /pa⁵⁵/
    Harbin /pa⁴⁴/
    /pa²⁴/ ～彥
    Tianjin /pɑ²¹/
    Jinan /pa²¹³/
    Qingdao /pa²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /pa²⁴/
    Xi'an /pa²¹/
    Xining /pa⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /pa⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /pa³¹/
    Ürümqi /pa⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /pa⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /pa⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /pa⁵⁵/
    Kunming /pa̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /pɑ³¹/
    Hefei /pa²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /pa¹¹/
    Pingyao /pɑ¹³/
    Hohhot /pa³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /po⁵³/
    /pa⁵³/
    Suzhou /po⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /pɑ³³/
    Wenzhou /po³³/
    Hui Shexian /pa³¹/
    Tunxi /puːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /pa³³/
    Xiangtan /pɒ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /pɑ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /pa⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /pɑ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /pa⁵³/
    Nanning /pa⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /pa⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pa⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pa⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pa⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /pa³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔba²³/ ～掌
    /ʔba³¹/ 俗
    Rime
    Character 巴
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 伯加切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠa/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pa/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/paɨ/
    Li
    Rong         		/pa/
    Wang
    Li         		/pa/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pa/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bā
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		baa1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 巴 巴
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bā bā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pæ › ‹ pæ ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁra/ /*pˁra/
    English snake [place name]

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 巴
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 97
    Phonetic
    component         		巴
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		巴
    Old
    Chinese         		/*praː/

    Definitions[edit]

    巴

    1. (ancient Chinese mythology) a huge snake that could swallow an elephant
    2. to greatly desire; to anxiously hope; to long for
    3. Used as a suffix for objects that are located below or behind.
      尾巴  ―  wěiba  ―  tail
      下巴  ―  xiàba  ―  chin
    4. Used as a suffix for objects that are clumped together due to dryness or stickiness.
      泥巴  ―  níba  ―  mud
    5. to cling to; to stick to
    6. (Jilu Mandarin, Sichuanese, dialectal Wu) to be close to; to be next to
    7. (Beijing, Jilu Mandarin) to open; to spread
    8. (Sichuanese) to suit; to fit
    9. (Sichuanese) to follow
    10. (Sichuanese) to be intimate
    11. (Sichuanese) to involve; to implicate
    12. (Sichuanese) to kiss up; to curry favour
    13. (Sichuanese) to subsidize
    14. (Sichuanese) to infect; to contract
    15. (dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing, Shandong, Xinjiang) to sew; to stitch on
    16. (Southwestern Mandarin; Xiamen, Quanzhou Min Nan) dried object
    17. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for the number of slaps.
      打佢一巴 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 keoi5 jat1 baa1 [Jyutping]  ―  to give him a slap
    18. (Jiaoliao Mandarin, Sichuanese) along
    19. (historical) Ba (an ancient state in modern-day Sichuan)
    20. eastern Sichuan and Chongqing
    21. Short for 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”).
      小巴  ―  xiǎobā  ―  minibus
    22. (physics) bar (unit of pressure)
    23. Short for 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn, “Palestine”).
    24. Short for 巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn, “Pakistan”).
    25. Short for 巴拿馬／巴拿马 (Bānámǎ, “Panama”).
    26. Short for 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ, “The Bahamas”).
    27. Short for 巴拉圭 (Bālāguī, “Paraguay”).
    28. A surname​.
    Descendants[edit]
    Sino-Xenic (巴):
    • → Japanese: 巴(は) (Ha)
    • → Korean: 파 (巴, Pa)
    • → Vietnamese: Ba (巴)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 巴

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 巴 – see 芭 (“short=1; a kind of fragrant grass; etc.”).
    (This character, 巴, is the second-round simplified form of 芭.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 巴 – see 笆 (“bamboo fence; bamboo fence”).
    (This character, 巴, is the second-round simplified form of 笆.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 4[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 巴 – see 粑 (“cake-like food; tsamba”).
    (This character, 巴, is the second-round simplified form of 粑.)
    Notes:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    巴

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    巴 (tomoe): a hidari-futatsudomoe, one of many tomoe designs
    Kanji in this term
    巴
    ともえ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    鞆絵

    First attested around the 12th century.

    Originally a compound of 鞆 (tomo, “archer's left-wrist protector”) +‎ 絵 (e, “picture, drawing”).

    The use of the 巴 kanji is possibly for its resemblance to a big snake.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    巴(ともえ) • (tomoe) ←ともゑ (tomowe)?

    1. a circular design resembling swirling water, a comma, or an archer's bow
    2. (architecture) a piece of wood, usually a floorboard or an eave, with a tomoe pattern
    3. an oxcart with the wickerwork in a tomoe pattern
    4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various tomoe designs
    5. Short for 巴瓦 (tomoegawara): a tile with a tomoe design
    6. turning (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    7. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Descendants[edit]
    See also[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    巴(ともえ) • (Tomoe) ←ともゑ (tomowe)?

    1. Short for 巴御前 (Tomoe Gozen): 12th-century female samurai
    2. a 謡曲 (dōkyoku, “noh song”) based on a story from The Tale of the Heike
    3. a surname
    4. a unisex given name

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    巴
    は
    Jinmeiyō
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 巴 (MC pˠa). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    巴(は) • (Ha) 

    1. (historical) Ba (an ancient state in eastern Sichuan)
    Derived terms[edit]
    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 巴 (MC pˠa).

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    巴 (eumhun 땅 이름 파 (ttang ireum pa))

    1. Hanja form? of 파 (“used in placenames”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    巴: Hán Việt readings: ba (邦(bang)加(gia)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], bơ[1]
    巴: Nôm readings: bơ[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], ba[1][2][3], vã[1], va[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of Ba (“used in placenames”).
    2. chữ Hán form of ba (“to adhere; to stick to”).
    3. Nôm form of bơ (“used in compounds”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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