肥

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肥 U+80A5, 肥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A5
← 肤
[U+80A4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肦 →
[U+80A6]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

肥 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月日山 (BAU), four-corner 77217, composition ⿰月巴(GJKV) or ⿰⺼巴(HT))

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29290
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2055, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+80A5

Chinese[edit]

trad. 肥
simp. # 肥

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 肥
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (肥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜰 *pɯlʔ, *bɯl
肥 *bɯl
淝 *bɯl
萉 *bɯls

Shuowen Jiezi: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 肉 (“meat”) + 卪 (“person kneeling”). Ji Xusheng (2004) posits that its actually a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯl): semantic 肉 + abbreviated phonetic 妃 (OC *pʰɯːls, *pʰɯl).

Etymology 1[edit]

STEDT provisionally assigns this to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bu ~ bur.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: fai6 - rare.
Note:
  • bùi - vernacular;
  • pì - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • pûi - vernacular;
    • hûi - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 肥
    Mandarin Beijing /fei³⁵/
    Harbin /fei²⁴/
    Tianjin /fei⁴⁵/
    Jinan /fei⁴²/
    Qingdao /fe⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /fi⁴²/
    Xi'an /fi²⁴/
    Xining /fɨ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /fei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fei⁵³/
    Ürümqi /fei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /fei²¹³/
    Chengdu /fei³¹/
    Guiyang /fei²¹/
    Kunming /fei³¹/
    Nanjing /fəi²⁴/
    Hefei /fe⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /fei¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuei¹³/
    Hohhot /fei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /vi²³/
    /bi²³/
    Suzhou /vi¹³/
    Hangzhou /bi²¹³/
    /vi²¹³/
    Wenzhou /vei³¹/
    /bei³¹/
    Hui Shexian /fe⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /fe⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /fei¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɸəi¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /fɨi⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /pʰi¹¹/
    Taoyuan /pʰui¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /fei²¹/
    Nanning /fi²¹/
    Hong Kong /fei²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hui³⁵/
    /pui³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /puoi⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /py³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /pui⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbui³¹/
    Rime
    Character 肥
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 微 (21)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 符非切
    Baxter bj+j
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bʉi/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bʷɨi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biuəi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/buj/
    Li
    Rong         		/biuəi/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭwəi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱwe̯i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		féi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fei4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 肥
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		féi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjɨj ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b][ə]r/
    English fat (adj.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 肥
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3118
    Phonetic
    component         		肥
    Rime
    group         		微
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		肥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bɯl/
    Notes 俞敏雲妃省聲

    Definitions[edit]

    肥

    1. fat; plump; obese (adjective)
      農場裡的小豬長得肥肥的，好可愛。 [MSC, trad.]
      农场里的小猪长得肥肥的，好可爱。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nóngchǎng lǐ de xiǎozhū zhǎng de féiféi de, hǎo kě'ài. [Pinyin]
      The pigs in the farm are quite plump, very cute.
      一時嫌人肥，一時嫌人瘦，都唔知點好。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      一时嫌人肥，一时嫌人瘦，都唔知点好。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      jat1 si4 jim4 jan4 fei4, jat1 si4 jim4 jan4 sau3, dou1 m4 zi1 dim2 hou2. [Jyutping]
      Sometimes, I'm criticized for being fat, while other times, I'm criticized for being skinny. I don't know what to do.
    2. fat; fatness (noun)
      減肥／减肥  ―  jiǎnféi  ―  to lose weight
    3. fertile
    4. fertiliser
      化肥  ―  huàféi  ―  chemical fertilizer
      氮肥  ―  dànféi  ―  nitrogenous fertilizer
      施肥  ―  shīféi  ―  to apply fertilizer
    5. (usually derogatory) benefit; advantage; gain
    Usage notes[edit]
    • In northern varieties, including Standard Mandarin, 肥 (féi) is usually used for animals, and people are described as 胖 (pàng). This distinction is not seen in southern varieties, such as Cantonese, Hakka, and Min.
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (fat):
    Dialectal synonyms of 胖 (“fat (a.)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 胖
    Mandarin Beijing 胖, 富態
    Taiwan 胖
    Jinan 胖, 富態
    Xi'an 胖, 富態
    Wuhan 胖, 富態
    Chengdu 胖, 富態
    Yangzhou 胖, 富態
    Hefei 胖, 富態
    Malaysia 胖, 肥
    Singapore 胖, 肥
    Cantonese Guangzhou 肥
    Hong Kong 肥
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 肥
    Macau 肥
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 肥
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 肥
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 肥
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 肥
    Foshan 肥
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 肥
    Foshan (Shunde) 肥
    Foshan (Sanshui) 肥
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 肥
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 肥
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 肥
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 肥
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 肥
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 肥
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 肥
    Taishan 肥
    Kaiping (Chikan) 肥
    Enping (Niujiang) 肥
    Heshan (Yayao) 肥
    Dongguan 肥
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 肥
    Yangjiang 肥, 生肉
    Nanning 肥
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 肥
    Singapore (Guangfu) 肥
    Gan Nanchang 胖
    Hakka Meixian 肥
    Xingning 肥
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 肥
    Huiyang 肥
    Huidong (Daling) 肥
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 肥
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 肥
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 肥
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肥
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 肥
    Conghua (Lütian) 肥
    Changting 壯, 肥
    Wuping 壯
    Wuping (Pingyu) 肥
    Liancheng 壯
    Ninghua 壯
    Ruijin 壯
    Shicheng 壯
    Shangyou (Shexi) 壯
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肥, 大箍
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 肥, 大箍
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 肥, 大箍
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 肥, 大箍
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 肥, 大箍
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 大箍
    Senai (Huiyang) 肥
    Jin Taiyuan 胖, 肉, 富態
    Min Bei Jian'ou 肥
    Min Dong Fuzhou 肥
    Singapore (Fuqing) 發福, 食好看
    Min Nan Xiamen 肥
    Quanzhou 肥
    Zhangzhou 肥
    Taipei 大箍, 肥
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 大箍
    Kaohsiung 大箍, 肥
    Yilan 大箍, 肥
    Changhua (Lukang) 大箍, 肥
    Taichung 肥, 大箍
    Tainan 大箍, 肥
    Hsinchu 肥
    Kinmen 大箍, 肥
    Penghu (Magong) 大箍, 肥
    Penang (Hokkien) 肥
    Singapore (Hokkien) 肥
    Manila (Hokkien) 肥
    Chaozhou 肥
    Shantou 肥
    Jieyang 肥
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 肥
    Singapore (Teochew) 肥
    Leizhou 肥
    Wenchang 肥
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 肥
    Wu Suzhou 胖, 壯
    Ningbo 壯
    Wenzhou 壯
    Xiang Changsha 胖
    Shuangfeng 胖
    • (benefit):
    Antonyms[edit]
    • (fat): 瘦 (shòu, “skinny”)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Proto-Tai: *bwiːᴬ (“fat”)
    • → Thai: ปุ๋ย (bpǔi, “fertilizer”)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Shortened from 肥佬 (fei4 lou2), from English fail.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    肥

    1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to fail (a test)
    2. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to fail (someone) in a test

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    肥

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. fat, plump
    2. productive, fertile

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    肥
    こえ
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun[edit]

    肥(こえ) • (koe) 

    1. manure, fertilizer, dung

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    肥 • (bi) (hangeul 비)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    肥: Hán Nôm readings: phì, phè, phề

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Zhuang[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    肥

    1. Sawndip form of feiz (“fire”)
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