嫌

Translingual

Han character

嫌 (radical 38 女+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 女廿X金 (VTXC), four-corner 4843₇, composition ⿰女兼)

1. hate, detest
2. suspect
3. criticize

References

• KangXi: page 269, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6618
• Dae Jaweon: page 536, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1073, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5ACC

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		嫌

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xián (xian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiàm
• Min Nan (POJ): hiâm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hsien²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jim⁴
    • Yale: yìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiam²
    • IPA: /hi̯am¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâm
    • Tâi-lô: hiâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiaam
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiam¹³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 嫌
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕian³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕien²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞¹³/ ～疑 /xæ¹³/ ～疼咧
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦi²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ji³¹/ /ɦa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiam¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jim²¹/
	Nanning	/jim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiam³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦem/▼

Rime
Character	嫌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	戸兼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦem/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦem/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛm/
Li Rong	/ɣem/
Wang Li	/ɣiem/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*N-kˤem/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːm/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嫌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hem ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˤem/
English	doubt, doubtful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嫌
Reading #	1/1
No.	6078
Phonetic component	兼
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	嫌
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːm/

Definitions

嫌

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

嫌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: げん (gen)
• Kan’on: けん (ken)
• Kun: きらう (kirau), うたがう (utagau)

Adjectival noun

嫌 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana いや, romaji iya)

1. disagreeable, unpleasant
2. unpleasant, disgusting, offensive

   ぞっとするほど嫌 (いや)な目 (め)に合 (あ)った。

   Zotto suru hodo iya na me ni atta.

   It was shockingly abhorrent.

Inflection

Inflection of "嫌な"

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	嫌だろ	いやだろ	iya daro
Continuative (連用形)	嫌で	いやで	iya de
Terminal (終止形)	嫌だ	いやだ	iya da
Attributive (連体形)	嫌な	いやな	iya na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	嫌なら	いやなら	iya nara
Imperative (命令形)	嫌であれ	いやであれ	iya de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	嫌ではない 嫌じゃない	いやではない いやじゃない	iya de wa nai iya ja nai
Informal past	嫌だった	いやだった	iya datta
Informal negative past	嫌ではなかった 嫌じゃなかった	いやではなかった いやじゃなかった	iya de wa nakatta iya ja nakatta
Formal	嫌です	いやです	iya desu
Formal negative	嫌ではありません 嫌じゃありません	いやではありません いやじゃありません	iya de wa arimasen iya ja arimasen
Formal past	嫌でした	いやでした	iya deshita
Formal negative past	嫌ではありませんでした 嫌じゃありませんでした	いやではありませんでした いやじゃありませんでした	iya de wa arimasen deshita iya ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	嫌で	いやで	iya de
Conditional	嫌なら（ば）	いやなら（ば）	iya nara(ba)
Provisional	嫌だったら	いやだったら	iya dattara
Volitional	嫌だろう	いやだろう	iya darō
Adverbial	嫌に	いやに	iya ni
Degree	嫌さ	いやさ	iyasa

Usage notes

いや ‎(iya) sounds more masculine than やだ ‎(yada), which has the same meaning but is more feminine.

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Korean

Hanja

嫌 • ‎(hyeom) (hangeul 혐, revised hyeom, McCune-Reischauer hyŏm)

싫어할 혐, Reading : Hyeom, Meaning : Dislike(싫어하다, Shiruh-Hada) Commonly use with 惡 as 嫌惡(혐오, Hyeo-Mo) as a none, adjective or verb to express great dislike or hatred

Eg) 난 그것을 혐오한다. Nan Gogutsul Hyeomo-handa. I dislike it

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

嫌 (hiềm, hem, hèm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.