enmity

English

Alternative forms

Variant spellings

(tetrasyllabic)

• (14^th-century):
  • enemyte
  • enemytee
  • ennemite
  • ennemyte
• (15^th-century):
  • enemyte
  • enemytee
  • ennemite
  • ennemyte
  • enymyte
• (16^th-century):
  • enemitie
  • enemyte
  • enemytee
  • enimitie
  • enimity
  • ennemite
  • ennemyte
  • ennimitie
  • inimity

(trisyllabic)

• (14^th-century):
  • enmite
  • enmitye
  • enmyte
  • enmytee
• (15^th-century):
  • enmyte
  • enmytee
• (16^th-century):
  • enmity
  • enmyte
  • enmytee
• (17^th-century–present):
  • enmity

Etymology

From Middle English enemyte, from Old French enemisté, ennemistié, from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin *inimīcitās, *inimīcitātem, from Latin inimīcus (“enemy”); cognates: French inimitié, Portuguese inimizade, Spanish enemistad. Equivalent to enemy +‎ -ity.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈɛn.mɪ.ti/, (proscribed) /ˈɛm.nɪ.ti/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɛn.mɪ.ti/, (proscribed) /ˈɛm.nɪ.ti/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

enmity (countable and uncountable, plural enmities)

1. The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.
   • 2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 242e:

     Some later Muses from Ionia and Sicily reckoned it safest to weave together both versions and say that that which is both many and one, held together by both enmity and amity.

2. A state or feeling of opposition, hostility, hatred or animosity.
   • 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

     I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways.

   • 2018 August 7, Alexis C. Madrigal, “Wikipedia, the Last Bastion of Shared Reality”, in The Atlantic‎^[1]:

     Maybe only a system that can contain the deep enmity between people who spell the metal aluminum and those who spell it aluminium is up to the task of preserving our fragile democratic institutions.

Quotations

• 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:15, column 1:

  And I will put enmitie betweene thee and the woman, and betweene thy ſeed and her ſeed: it ſhal bruiſe thy head, and thou ſhalt bruiſe his heele.

Synonyms

• animosity
• animus
• antagonism
• antipathy
• enemyhood
• enemyness
• enemyship
• fiendship
• foeship
• hostility
• rancor

Antonyms

• amity

Derived terms

• archenmity
• nonenmity

Translations

hostile or unfriendly disposition

• Albanian: armiqësi (sq) f
• Arabic: عَدَاوَة f (ʕadāwa)

  Egyptian Arabic: عداوة f (ʕadāwa)

• Armenian: թշնամություն (hy) (tʻšnamutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: düşmənçilik, ədavət
• Belarusian: варо́жасць f (varóžascʹ), варажне́ча f (varažnjéča), непрыя́знасць f (njepryjáznascʹ)
• Bengali: শত্রুতা (bn) (śotruta)
• Bulgarian: вражда́ (bg) f (vraždá), вражде́бност (bg) f (vraždébnost), неприя́зън (bg) f (neprijázǎn)
• Catalan: enemistat f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 敵意 / 敌意 (zh) (díyì)

• Czech: nepřátelství (cs) f
• Danish: fjendskab (da) c
• Dutch: vijandschap (nl), animositeit (nl) m
• Esperanto: malamikeco
• Estonian: vaenulikkus
• Finnish: vihamielisyys (fi)
• French: inimitié (fr) f
• Galician: inimizade (gl) f
• Georgian: მტრობა (mṭroba)
• German: Feindschaft (de) f
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 f (fijaþwa)
• Greek: εχθρότητα (el) f (echthrótita), έχθρα (el) f (échthra), μύνις f (mýnis)

  Ancient: ἔχθρα f (ékhthra)

• Hebrew: אֵיבָה (he) f (eyvá)
• Hindi: घृणा (hi) f (ghŕṇā), विद्वेष (hi) m (vidveṣ), वैर (hi) m (vair), शत्रुता (hi) f (śatrutā), बैर (hi) m (bair)
• Hungarian: viszály (hu)
• Icelandic: fjandskapur m
• Italian: inimicizia (it) f, nimistà f, ostilità (it) f
• Japanese: 敵意 (ja) (てきい, tekii), 敵対 (ja) (てきたい, tekitai)
• Kazakh: ғадауат (ğadauat), дұшпандық (dūşpandyq), қастық (qastyq)
• Korean: 적의 (ko) (jeogui), 적대 (ko) (jeokdae)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: dijminatî (ku), neyarî (ku)

• Kyrgyz: душмандык (ky) (duşmandık), кастык (kastık)
• Latin: inimicitia f
• Latvian: ienaids (lv) m
• Lithuanian: priešiškumas m
• Macedonian: непријателство n (neprijatelstvo)
• Malay: permusuhan (ms)​
• Malayalam: ശത്രുത (ml) (śatruta)
• Maori: ito, pukuriri
• Middle English: enemyte
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: дайсагнал (mn) (dajsagnal)

  Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠩᠨᠠᠯ (dayisungnal)

• Norman: enn'mité f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: fiendskap n

• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: вражьда f (vražĭda)

• Old English: fǣhþ f, nīþ m
• Pashto: دښمني (ps) f (dox̌maní), عداوت (ps) m (adāwát)
• Persian: دشمنی (fa) (došmani), عداوت (fa) ('adâvat), خصومت (fa) (xosumat)
• Polish: wrogość (pl) f, nieprzyjaźń f
• Portuguese: inimizade (pt) f
• Romanian: dușmănie (ro) f, inimiciție (ro) f
• Russian: вражде́бность (ru) f (vraždébnostʹ), вражда́ (ru) f (vraždá), неприя́знь (ru) f (neprijáznʹ), неприя́тие (ru) n (neprijátije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: непријатѐљство n

  Roman: neprijatèljstvo (sh) n

• Sicilian: nimicizzia f, nimistà f
• Slovak: nepriateľstvo n
• Slovene: sovrȃštvo (sl) n
• Spanish: enemistad (es) f, inimicicia f (disused), desamistad f (disused)
• Swahili: uadui
• Swedish: fiendskap (sv) c
• Tajik: душманӣ (tg) (dušmani), адоват (adovat), хусумат (xusumat)
• Tatar: дошманлык (tt) (doşmanlıq)
• Telugu: శత్రుత్వము (te) (śatrutvamu)
• Tocharian B: sanuññe, wer
• Tok Pisin: pasin birua
• Turkish: yağılık (tr), husumet (tr), adavet (tr) (archaic), düşmanlık (tr), hasımlık (tr)
• Turkmen: duşmançylyk
• Ukrainian: воро́жість f (voróžistʹ), ворожне́ча f (vorožnéča), непри́язнь f (neprýjaznʹ), ворожда́ f (voroždá) (poetic)
• Urdu: دشمنی f (duśmanī), عداوت f ('adāvat)
• Uyghur: دۈشمەنلىك (düshmenlik)
• Uzbek: dushmanlik (uz), adovat (uz)

References

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “enmity”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “enmity”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• Notes:

Anagrams

• Minety