घृणा

See also: घृण

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit घृणा (ghṛṇā́).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɾɪ.ɳɑː/, [ɡʱɾɪ.ɳäː]

Noun

घृणा • (ghŕṇā) f (Urdu spelling گھرنا)

1. hatred, disgust
2. aversion, scorn, loathing
3. disdain, abhorrence, repulsion

Declension

Declension of घृणा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घृणा ghŕṇā	घृणाएँ ghŕṇāẽ
oblique	घृणा ghŕṇā	घृणाओं ghŕṇāõ
vocative	घृणा ghŕṇā	घृणाओ ghŕṇāo

Synonyms

• घिन (ghin)
• नफ़रत (nafrat)

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit घृणा (ghṛṇā́). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘑𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘜𑘰 (ghruṇā), 𑘑𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘜𑘰 (ghruṇā, “nausea, disgust”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʱɾu.ɳa/

Noun

घृणा • (ghruṇā) f

1. disgust, aversion

   Synonym: किळस (kiḷas)

2. resentment, hatred, loathing

   Synonyms: संताप (santāp), द्वेष (dveṣ), वैर (vair), नाराजी (nārājī)

Declension

Declension of घृणा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	घृणा ghruṇā
direct plural	घृणा ghŕṇā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	घृणा ghruṇā		घृणा ghŕṇā
oblique सामान्यरूप	घृणे ghŕṇe		घृणां- ghŕṇān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	घृणेला ghŕṇelā		घृणांना ghŕṇānnā
ergative	घृणेने, घृणेनं ghŕṇene, ghŕṇena		घृणांनी ghŕṇānnī
instrumental	घृणेशी ghŕṇeśī		घृणांशी ghŕṇānśī
locative सप्तमी	घृणेत ghŕṇet		घृणांत ghŕṇāt
vocative संबोधन	घृणे ghŕṇe		घृणांनो ghŕṇānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of घृणा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	घृणेचा ghŕṇeċā	घृणेचे ghŕṇeċe	घृणेची ghŕṇecī	घृणेच्या ghŕṇecā	घृणेचे, घृणेचं ghŕṇeċe, ghŕṇeċa	घृणेची ghŕṇecī	घृणेच्या ghŕṇecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	घृणांचा ghŕṇānċā	घृणांचे ghŕṇānċe	घृणांची ghŕṇāñcī	घृणांच्या ghŕṇāncā	घृणांचे, घृणांचं ghŕṇānċe, ghŕṇānċa	घृणांची ghŕṇāñcī	घृणांच्या ghŕṇāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “घृणा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “घ्रुणा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Sanskrit

Etymology

Feminine of घृण (ghṛná, “heat”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱr̩.ɳɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡʱr̩.ɳɑː/

Noun

घृणा • (ghṛṇā́) stem, f

1. hatred

   Synonym: द्वेष (dvéṣa)

2. disgust, contempt, aversion
3. malice, ill-will
4. compassion, tenderness

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of घृणा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	घृणा (ghṛṇā́)	घृणे (ghṛṇé)	घृणाः (ghṛṇā́ḥ)
accusative	घृणाम् (ghṛṇā́m)	घृणे (ghṛṇé)	घृणाः (ghṛṇā́ḥ)
instrumental	घृणया (ghṛṇáyā) घृणा¹ (ghṛṇā́¹)	घृणाभ्याम् (ghṛṇā́bhyām)	घृणाभिः (ghṛṇā́bhiḥ)
dative	घृणायै (ghṛṇā́yai)	घृणाभ्याम् (ghṛṇā́bhyām)	घृणाभ्यः (ghṛṇā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	घृणायाः (ghṛṇā́yāḥ) घृणायै² (ghṛṇā́yai²)	घृणाभ्याम् (ghṛṇā́bhyām)	घृणाभ्यः (ghṛṇā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	घृणायाः (ghṛṇā́yāḥ) घृणायै² (ghṛṇā́yai²)	घृणयोः (ghṛṇáyoḥ)	घृणानाम् (ghṛṇā́nām)
locative	घृणायाम् (ghṛṇā́yām)	घृणयोः (ghṛṇáyoḥ)	घृणासु (ghṛṇā́su)
vocative	घृणे (ghṛ́ṇe)	घृणे (ghṛ́ṇe)	घृणाः (ghṛ́ṇāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Early Assamese:
    • Assamese: ঘিণ (ghin)
  • Bengali: ঘিন (ghin)
  • Sylheti: ꠊꠤꠘ (gíno)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀡𑀸 (ghiṇā)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀡𑀸 (ghiṇā)
  • Nepali: घिन (ghina)
  • Gujarati: ઘીણ (ghīṇ)
  • Old Hindi:
    • Hindi: घिन (ghin), گھن
      • → Mauritian Creole: ghin
    • Punjabi: ਘਿਣ (ghiṇ)
• → Old Punjabi:
  • Punjabi: ਘਿਰਨਾ (ghirnā)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “घृणा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0379/1.