inimicus

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *enamīkos. Equivalent to in- (“not”) +‎ amīcus (“friend”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /i.niˈmiː.kus/, [ɪ.nɪˈmiː.kʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i.niˈmi.kus/, [i.niˈmiː.kus]

Noun

inimīcus m (genitive inimīcī); second declension

1. enemy (someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else)

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	inimīcus	inimīcī
Genitive	inimīcī	inimīcōrum
Dative	inimīcō	inimīcīs
Accusative	inimīcum	inimīcōs
Ablative	inimīcō	inimīcīs
Vocative	inimīce	inimīcī

Descendants

• Dalmatian: nemaic, nemaik
• Italian: nemico, nimico
• Neapolitan: nemmìco
• Old French: enemi, anemi, enemy, ennemi, inimi, inimic
  • Middle French: ennemy, ennemi, ẽnemy
    • French: ennemi
  • Norman: enn'mîn
  • → Middle English: enemy, enemye, enmy
    • English: enemy
    • Scots: enemy
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: enemigu
• Old Occitan: enemic
  • Catalan: enemic
  • Occitan: enemic
• Old Portuguese: ẽemigo
  • Galician: inimigo (semi-learned borrowing)
  • Portuguese: inimigo (semi-learned borrowing)
• Old Spanish: enemigo
  • Spanish: enemigo
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: nimì, inimì
  • Romansch: inimi
• Sardinian: anemigu
• Sicilian: nimicu, nnimicu, nemicu
• Venetian: nemigo
• → Albanian: armik, anmik, anëmik
• → Romanian: inamic, inimic

Adjective

inimīcus (feminine inimīca, neuter inimīcum, comparative inimicior, superlative inimicissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. unfriendly, hostile
2. injurious

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	inimīcus	inimīca	inimīcum		inimīcī	inimīcae	inimīca
Genitive	inimīcī	inimīcae	inimīcī		inimīcōrum	inimīcārum	inimīcōrum
Dative	inimīcō		inimīcō		inimīcīs
Accusative	inimīcum	inimīcam	inimīcum		inimīcōs	inimīcās	inimīca
Ablative	inimīcō	inimīcā	inimīcō		inimīcīs
Vocative	inimīce	inimīca	inimīcum		inimīcī	inimīcae	inimīca

Descendants

• French: ennemi
• Italian: nemico
• Spanish: enemigo

References

• inimicus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• inimicus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• inimicus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• inimicus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). →ISBN. page 180.