adversus

Latin

Alternative forms

• advorsus
• adv. (abbreviation)

Etymology

Perfect passive participle of advertō (“to turn toward”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [adˈwɛr.sʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [adˈvɛr.sus]

Participle

adversus (feminine adversa, neuter adversum, superlative adversissimus); first/second-declension participle

1. set opposite, adverse, having been set against.

   Synonym: dīversus

   Nē Herculēs quidem adversus duōs.

   Not even Hercules fights against two.

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.15:

     adversa pugna

     The defeated battle

2. turned toward, having been turned toward.
3. hostile

   Synonyms: āversus, hostīlis, inimīcus, īnfēnsus, īnfestus, oblīquus, dīversus, inīquus

   Antonyms: affābilis, amīcābilis, facilis, benevolēns

   • c. 56 CE – 117 CE, Tacitus, De origine et situ Germanorum 2:

     ...et inmensus ultra utque sic dixerim adversus Oceanus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur.

     ...and the boundless and, so to speak, hostile ocean beyond us, is seldom entered by a sail from our world.

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	adversus	adversa	adversum		adversī	adversae	adversa
genitive	adversī	adversae	adversī		adversōrum	adversārum	adversōrum
dative	adversō	adversae	adversō		adversīs
accusative	adversum	adversam	adversum		adversōs	adversās	adversa
ablative	adversō	adversā	adversō		adversīs
vocative	adverse	adversa	adversum		adversī	adversae	adversa

Preposition

adversus (+ accusative)

1. facing, opposite
2. (direction) towards
3. (hostility) against
4. in comparison with

Descendants

• Catalan: advers
• English: adverse
• French: adverse, avers
• Galician: adverso
• Italian: avverso
• Occitan: advèrs
• Portuguese: adverso
• Romanian: advers
• Spanish: adverso

References

• “adversus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “adversus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "adversus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “adversus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • misfortune, adversity: res adversae, afflictae, perditae
    
  • (ambiguous) against the stream; upstream: flumine adverso
    
  • (ambiguous) to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti
    
  • (ambiguous) misfortune, adversity: fortuna adversa
    
  • (ambiguous) to struggle with adversity: conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna
    
  • (ambiguous) to attack the enemy in the front: adversis hostibus occurrere
    
  • (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera (cicatrices) adversa (opp. aversa)
    
  • (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera adverso corpore accepta
    
• Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti