算

算 U+7B97, 算 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B97 ← 箖 [U+7B96] CJK Unified Ideographs 箘 → [U+7B98]

See also: 祘

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

算 (radical 118 竹+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山廿 (HBUT), four-corner 8844₆, composition ⿱⺮⿱目廾)

References

• KangXi: page 888, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26146
• Dae Jaweon: page 1315, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 2981, character 8
• Unihan data for U+7B97

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		算
alt. forms		筭 祘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 算
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (算) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
纂	*ʔsloːnʔ
繤	*ʔsloːnʔ
算	*sloːnʔ, *sloːns
匴	*sloːnʔ
篹	*sloːnʔ
篡	*sʰroːns
攥	*ʔsloːd

In current form, 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.

The 目 portion may have originally represented counting rods (or possibly an abacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo.

Etymology

It has been compared with Tibetan གཤོར (gshor, “to count, to measure, to weigh”) by Gong (1995). The Old Chinese coda was *-r, as preserved in Japanese 算盤 (そろばん) (soroban, “abacus”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): suàn (suan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syun³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): son
• Min Dong (BUC): sáung
• Min Nan (POJ): sǹg / sùiⁿ / soàn
• Wu (Wiktionary): soe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: suàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: suan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suann
    • IPA ^(key): /su̯a̠n⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: syun³
    • Yale: syun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: syn³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xun³
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕyːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son
    • Hakka Romanization System: son
    • Hagfa Pinyim: son⁴
    • IPA: /son⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sáung
    • IPA ^(key): /sɑuŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǹg
    • Tâi-lô: sǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngx
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /sŋ̍¹²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: suìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svuix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soàn
    • Tâi-lô: suàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /suan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /suan²¹/

Note:

• sǹg/sùiⁿ - colloquial;
• soàn - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: soe (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /sø³⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 算
Mandarin	Beijing	/suan⁵¹/
	Harbin	/suan⁵³/
	Tianjin	/suan⁵³/
	Jinan	/suã²¹/
	Qingdao	/suã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/suan³¹²/
	Xi'an	/suã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/suã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/suan¹³/ ～術 /suan⁵³/ ～了
	Lanzhou	/suɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/suan²¹³/
	Wuhan	/san³⁵/
	Chengdu	/suan¹³/
	Guiyang	/suan²¹³/
	Kunming	/suã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/suaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/sʊ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/suɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/suæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/sø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/sø⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷõ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/sø⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/so³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/suːə⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/sõ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/sɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/son⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/son⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/syn³³/
	Nanning	/ɬyn³³/
	Hong Kong	/syn³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/suan²¹/ /sŋ̍²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sɔuŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/sɔŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/suaŋ²¹³/ /sɯŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/suaŋ²³/ /tui³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /suɑn^X/▼

Rime
Character	算
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇管切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suɑnX/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷɑnX/
Shao Rongfen	/suɑnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swanX/
Li Rong	/suɑnX/
Wang Li	/suɑnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/suɑnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suǎn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[s]ˤorʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sloːnʔ/, /*sloːns/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	算
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	suàn
Middle Chinese	‹ swanH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˤorʔ-s/
English	calculate; tally
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	算	算
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12137	12140
Phonetic component	算	算
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	算	筭
Old Chinese	/*sloːnʔ/	/*sloːns/

Definitions

算

1. to count; to calculate; to figure
2. to plan; to arrange; to design
3. to guess; to estimate; to approximate
4. to regard as; to consider
5. to count; to be of significance
6. to let it pass; to give up
7. finally; eventually

Compounds

Derived terms from 算

• 上算 (shàngsuàn)
• 不上算
• 不划算
• 不合算
• 不是算
• 不算 (bùsuàn)
• 不算什麼／不算什么
• 不算數／不算数
• 九章算術／九章算术
• 二元運算／二元运算
• 估算 (gūsuàn)
• 何足算
• 作算
• 准算
• 划算 (huásuàn)
• 勝算／胜算 (shèngsuàn)
• 匡算 (kuāngsuàn)
• 卜算
• 合算 (hésuàn)
• 同文算指
• 周髀算經／周髀算经
• 單一預算／单一预算
• 單式預算／单式预算
• 四則運算／四则运算
• 基本運算／基本运算
• 天算
• 失算 (shīsuàn)
• 如意算盤／如意算盘 (rúyìsuànpán)
• 妙算 (miàosuàn)
• 宸算
• 小算盤／小算盘 (xiǎosuànpán)
• 就算 (jiùsuàn)
• 屈指一算
• 巴前算後／巴前算后
• 布算
• 年度預算／年度预算
• 心算 (xīnsuàn)
• 思前算後／思前算后
• 成算 (chéngsuàn)
• 所算
• 打小算盤／打小算盘
• 打打算盤／打打算盘
• 打算 (dǎsuàn)
• 打算盤／打算盘
• 打細算盤／打细算盘
• 打鐵算盤／打铁算盘
• 投資預算／投资预算
• 折算
• 持籌握算／持筹握算
• 掐指一算
• 掐算
• 推算 (tuīsuàn)

• 換算／换算 (huànsuàn)
• 撥算盤／拨算盘
• 料算
• 新法算書／新法算书
• 星算
• 智算
• 暗算 (ànsuàn)
• 核算 (hésuàn)
• 概算 (gàisuàn)
• 決算／决算 (juésuàn)
• 沒算數／没算数
• 沒算當／没算当
• 沒算盤／没算盘
• 法算
• 清算 (qīngsuàn)
• 減算／减算
• 滿打滿算／满打满算
• 滿打算／满打算
• 演算 (yǎnsuàn)
• 演算法則／演算法则
• 照算
• 玄機妙算／玄机妙算
• 玄謀廟算／玄谋庙算
• 珠算 (zhūsuàn)
• 盤算／盘算 (pánsuan)
• 神機妙算／神机妙算
• 神算
• 神算妙計／神算妙计
• 秋後算帳／秋后算帐
• 穩操勝算／稳操胜算
• 筆算／笔算 (bǐsuàn)
• 算上
• 算不了
• 算不得
• 算了 (suànle)
• 算什麼／算什么
• 算來／算来
• 算來算去／算来算去
• 算博士
• 算卦 (suànguà)
• 算命 (suànmìng)
• 算命先生
• 算器
• 算子
• 算學／算学 (suànxué)
• 算帳／算帐 (suànzhàng)
• 算式
• 算得
• 算數／算数 (suànshù)
• 算是 (suànshì)
• 算曆／算历
• 算法 (suànfǎ)

• 算無遺策／算无遗策
• 算盤／算盘 (suànpán)
• 算盤子兒／算盘子儿
• 算盤珠／算盘珠
• 算籌／算筹
• 算總帳／算总帐
• 算舊帳／算旧帐
• 算術／算术 (suànshù)
• 算術和／算术和
• 算術級數／算术级数
• 算計／算计 (suànjì)
• 算計兒／算计儿
• 算起來／算起来
• 算題／算题
• 算髮／算发
• 籌算／筹算
• 精打細算／精打细算 (jīngdǎxìsuàn)
• 精算師／精算师 (jīngsuànshī)
• 細算／细算
• 結算／结算 (jiésuàn)
• 經濟核算／经济核算
• 總算／总算 (zǒngsuàn)
• 總預算／总预算
• 老謀深算／老谋深算 (lǎomóushēnsuàn)
• 複利計算／复利计算
• 計算／计算 (jìsuàn)
• 計算器／计算器 (jìsuànqì)
• 計算尺／计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ)
• 計算機／计算机 (jìsuànjī)
• 說話算話／说话算话
• 課算／课算
• 謀算／谋算
• 赤字預算／赤字预算
• 追加預算／追加预算
• 通算 (tōngsuàn)
• 運算／运算 (yùnsuàn)
• 運算符號／运算符号
• 邏輯運算／逻辑运算
• 鐵算盤／铁算盘
• 長算／长算
• 長算遠略／长算远略
• 關係運算／关系运算
• 零基預算／零基预算
• 電算器／电算器
• 電算機／电算机 (diànsuànjī)
• 預算／预算 (yùsuàn)
• 驗算／验算 (yànsuàn)
• 鬼算盤／鬼算盘
• 鶴算龜齡／鹤算龟龄
• 默算
• 龜齡鶴算／龟龄鹤算

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Japanese

Kanji

算

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. Counting, calculation

Readings

• Goon: さん (san, Jōyō); せん (sen)
• Kan’on: さん (san, Jōyō); せん (sen)
• Kan’yōon: そん (son)
• Kun: かぞえる (kazoeru, 算える); かず (kazu, 算)

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Korean

Hanja

算 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune-Reischauer san, Yale san)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 算板 (산판, sanpan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

算 (toán, toan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.