算
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 祘
Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
算 (radical 118 竹+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山廿 (HBUT), four-corner 88446, composition ⿱⺮⿱目廾)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 888, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26146
- Dae Jaweon: page 1315, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 2981, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7B97
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
算 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 筭 祘 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 算
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| Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (算) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 纂 | *ʔsloːnʔ |
| 繤 | *ʔsloːnʔ |
| 算 | *sloːnʔ, *sloːns |
| 匴 | *sloːnʔ |
| 篹 | *sloːnʔ |
| 篡 | *sʰroːns |
| 攥 | *ʔsloːd |
In current form, 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.
The 目 portion may have originally represented counting rods (or possibly an abacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo.
Etymology[edit]
It has been compared with Tibetan གཤོར (gshor, “to count, to measure, to weigh”) by Gong (1995). The Old Chinese coda was *-r, as preserved in Japanese 算盤 (soroban, “abacus”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): syun3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): son
- Min Dong (BUC): sáung
- Min Nan (POJ): sǹg / sùiⁿ / soàn
- Wu (Wiktionary): soe (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: suan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suann
- IPA (key): /su̯a̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: syun3
- Yale: syun
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn3
- Guangdong Romanization: xun3
- IPA (key): /ɕyːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son
- Hakka Romanization System: son
- Hagfa Pinyim: son4
- IPA: /son⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáung
- IPA (key): /sɑuŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- sǹg/sùiⁿ - colloquial;
- soàn - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: soe (T2)
- IPA (key): /sø³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 算 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /suan⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /suan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /suan⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /suã²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /suã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /suan³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /suã⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /suã²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /suan¹³/ ～術 /suan⁵³/ ～了 |
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| Lanzhou | /suɛ̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /suan²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /san³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /suan¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /suan²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /suã̠²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /suaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /sʊ̃⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /suæ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /suɑŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /suæ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /sø³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /sø⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷõ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sø⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /so³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /suːə⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sõ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /sɔn⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /son⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /son⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn³³/ |
| Nanning | /ɬyn³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /syn³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /suan²¹/ /sŋ̍²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɔuŋ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sɔŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /suaŋ²¹³/ /sɯŋ²¹³/ |
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| Haikou (Min Nan) | /suaŋ²³/ /tui³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇管切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/suɑnX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/sʷɑnX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/suɑnX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/swanX/ |
| Li Rong |
/suɑnX/ |
| Wang Li |
/suɑnX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/suɑnX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
suǎn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
suàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ swanH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[s]ˤorʔ-s/ |
| English | calculate; tally |
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
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| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 算 | 算 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12137 | 12140 |
| Phonetic component |
算 | 算 |
| Rime group |
元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
算 | 筭 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sloːnʔ/ | /*sloːns/ |
Definitions[edit]
算
- to count; to calculate; to figure
- to plan; to arrange; to design
- to guess; to estimate; to approximate
- to regard as; to consider
- to count; to be of significance
- to let it pass; to give up
- finally; eventually
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 算
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
算
- Counting, calculation
Readings[edit]
- Goon: さん (san), せん (sen) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: さん (san), せん (sen) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’yōon: そん (son) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: かぞえる (kazoeru), かず (kazu)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
算 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune-Reischauer san, Yale san)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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