謙

謙 U+8B19, 謙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B19 ← 謘 [U+8B18] CJK Unified Ideographs 謚 → [U+8B1A]

See also: 谦

Translingual

Han character

謙 (radical 149 言+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿X金 (YRTXC), four-corner 0863₇, composition ⿰言兼)

1. humble, modest
2. 15th hexagram of the I Ching

References

• KangXi: page 1175, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35821
• Dae Jaweon: page 1639, character 36
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4009, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8B19

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Chinese

trad.		謙
simp.		谦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 謙
Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
譧	*r'eːms
賺	*r'eːms
尲	*kreːm
鹻	*kreːmʔ
歉	*kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏	*kʰreːmʔ
鰜	*ɡreːm, *keːm
稴	*ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉	*ɡ·rem
鎌	*ɡ·rem
鬑	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮	*ɡ·rem
簾	*ɡ·rem
薕	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊	*ɡ·rem
嬚	*ɡ·remʔ
溓	*ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰	*kʰremʔ
隒	*ŋɡremʔ
熑	*ɡ·reːm
濂	*ɡ·reːm
燫	*ɡ·reːm
兼	*keːm, *keːms
縑	*keːm
鶼	*keːm
蒹	*keːm
搛	*keːm
謙	*kʰeːm
膁	*kʰeːmʔ
嗛	*kʰeːmʔ
慊	*kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔	*kʰeːms
馦	*qʰeːm
嫌	*ɡeːm
鼸	*ɡeːmʔ
尷	*kreːm

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiān (qian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): him¹
• Min Nan (POJ): khiam

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ien¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: him¹
    • Yale: hīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: him¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: him¹
    • IPA ^(key): /hiːm⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiam
    • Tâi-lô: khiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam⁴⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 謙
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰian²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰian²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰian⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiĩ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɪ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰi³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰiẽ³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰiẽ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiam⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kʰiɑm²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/him⁵³/
	Nanning	/him⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/him⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰiam⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰieŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kiŋ⁵⁴/ /kʰiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰiam³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xiam²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰem/▼

Rime
Character	謙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦兼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰem/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰem/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛm/
Li Rong	/kʰem/
Wang Li	/kʰiem/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謙
Reading #	1/1
No.	6070
Phonetic component	兼
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	謙
Old Chinese	/*kʰeːm/

Definitions

謙

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

謙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. humble; modest

Readings

• On (unclassified): けん (ken)
• Kun: へりくだる (herikudaru)

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Korean

Hanja

謙 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune-Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.