尚

See also: 向 and 尙

尚 U+5C1A, 尚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C1A ← 尙 [U+5C19] CJK Unified Ideographs 尛 → [U+5C1B]

Translingual

Traditional	尚
Simplified	尚
Japanese	尚
Korean	尙

Alternative forms

• 𫩠 (when used at the top of a character)

Han character

Stroke order

尚 (Kangxi radical 42, 小+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 火月口 (FBR), four-corner 9022₇, composition ⿱⺌冋)

Derived characters

• 倘, 埫, 徜, 惝, 淌, 㫾, 㭻, 䊑, 緔, 绱, 耥, 趟, 䠀, 躺, 鋿, 鞝, 䣊, 敞, 㲂

Additional derived characters

• 𠶤, 𡞀, 𢮐, 𮞢, 𣎃, 𬓮, 𣦎, 𱿫, 𨌩, 𲈆, 𩜋, 𲋧, 𥊢, 𡮶
• 𫻹, 𰕋, 𥊣, 𡮵, 𪁺, 𩅌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 297, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7493
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 563, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5C1A

Chinese

trad.		尚/尙
simp.		尚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 尚
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
當	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	*taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	*taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨	*taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	*tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	*tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	*hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	*tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	*tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	*djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	*djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs): semantic 八 + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs). Similar to 冋.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-rjaŋ (“uncle, superior”) (STEDT; cf. Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“, upper part, rise, raise, top, summit”)). Cognate with 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", Tibetan ཨ་ཞང (a zhang, “maternal uncle”), Burmese အရှင် (a.hrang, “master, lord”), etc.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shàng (shang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): shāng

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soeng³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): siang⁵

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): song

  (Hailu, HRS): shong^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): song⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): son³
• Eastern Min (BUC): siông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syorng⁵ / syoeng⁵ / sieo⁵ / siunn⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siāng / siūⁿ / siōⁿ / siǔⁿ / sióng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siang⁶ / sion⁷ / siên⁷

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xiang⁶ / xio¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zaon / ⁴zaon / ⁶zan
  • (Jinhua): ⁶zhiaon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàng
    • Wade–Giles: shang⁴
    • Yale: shàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanq
    • Palladius: шан (šan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: shāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂaŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soeng⁶
    • Yale: seuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²²/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: soeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /søŋ³²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: siang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song
    • Hakka Romanization System: song
    • Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shong^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: song⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: son³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suɔŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: syorng⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyɒŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬyøŋ²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sieo⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sā̤uⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬieu¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: siunn⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬĩũ²¹/

Note:

• syorng5/syoeng5 - literary;
• sieo5/siunn5 - vernacular.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
    • Tâi-lô: siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siong
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
    • Tâi-lô: siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siang
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviu
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /siũ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /siũ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siũ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svioi
    • Sinological IPA (Tainan): /siɔ̃³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siǔnn
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /siũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
    • Tâi-lô: sióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³/

Note:

• siōng/siāng - literary;
• siūⁿ/siōⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 和尚);
• sióng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 高尚).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: siang⁶ / sion⁷ / siên⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng / siōⁿ / siēⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³⁵/, /sĩõ¹¹/, /sĩẽ¹¹/

Note:

• siang6 - literary;
• sion7/siên7 - vernacular (siên7 - Chaozhou).

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: xiang⁶ / xio¹
  • Sinological IPA: /siaŋ³³/, /siɔ³⁵/

Note:

• xiang6 - literary;
• xio1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 和尚).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zaon
    • MiniDict: zaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɑ̃²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zɑ̃¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zɒ̃¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szɑ̃³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zɑ̃²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zɒŋ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zɔ̃¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zɔ¹³/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁴zaon
    • MiniDict: zaon^上
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zɒŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zan
    • MiniDict: zan^去
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zæ̃¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szã³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zã²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zaŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /zɑŋ¹¹³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zhiaon
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑiɑŋ¹⁴/

Note:

• 6zaon - vernacular;
• 6zan - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂan⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /san⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyangH

Rime
Character	尚
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時亮切
Baxter	dzyangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]aŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	尚
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyangH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]aŋ-s/
English	upwards
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尚
Reading #	2/2
No.	11161
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	尚
Old Chinese	/*djaŋs/

Definitions

尚

1. still; yet

   年紀尚幼／年纪尚幼  ―  niánjì shàng yòu  ―  still young

   不良反應：尚不明確。 [MSC, trad.]
   不良反应：尚不明确。 [MSC, simp.]

   Bùliángfǎnyìng: shàng bù míngquè. [Pinyin]

   Adverse reactions: still unclear.

2. (literary, or in compounds) even

   • 天地尚不能久，而況於人乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天地尚不能久，而况于人乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE

     Tiāndì shàng bùnéng jiǔ, ér kuàng yú rén hū? [Pinyin]

     If Heaven and Earth cannot make such (spasmodic) actings last long, how much less can man!

3. to value; to esteem; to worship

   尚武  ―  shàngwǔ  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example) esprit de corps

4. (obsolete) to assist; to administer (for the emperor)
5. prevailing custom

   時尚／时尚  ―  shíshàng  ―  fashion

6. (literary, or in compounds) noble; virtuous
7. (obsolete) alternative form of 上 (“to exceed”)

   • 今天下地醜德齊，莫能相尚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今天下地丑德齐，莫能相尚。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jīn tiānxià dìchǒudéqí, mò néng xiàng shàng. [Pinyin]

     Now throughout the kingdom, the territories of the princes are of equal extent, and in their achievements they are on a level. Not one of them is able to exceed the others.

8. a surname, Shang

   尚可喜  ―  Shàng Kěxǐ  ―  Shang Kexi (Chinese general of the Ming and Qing Dynasties)

Synonyms

• (still):

Dialectal synonyms of 還 (“still; yet”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		猶, 尚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		還, 仍, 尚
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	還
	Taiwan	還
	Malaysia	還
	Singapore	還
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	還
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	還
	Xi'an	還
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	還
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	還
	Wuhan	還
	Guilin	還
	Liuzhou	還
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	還
	Yangzhou	還
	Nantong	還
	Hefei	還
Cantonese	Guangzhou	重
	Hong Kong	重
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	重
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	重
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	重
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	還
	Macau	重
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	重
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	重
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	重
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	重
	Foshan	重
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	重
	Foshan (Shunde)	重
	Foshan (Sanshui)	重
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	重
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	還
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	重
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	重
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	還
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	還
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	還
	Taishan	還
	Kaiping (Chikan)	還
	Enping (Niujiang)	還
	Heshan (Yayao)	重
	Dongguan	重
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	重
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	重, 還
	Qingyuan	重
	Fogang	重
	Yingde (Hanguang)	閒
	Yangshan	重
	Lianshan (Butian)	成
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	重
	Shaoguan	重
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	重
	Renhua	重
	Lechang	重
	Sihui	重
	Deqing	淨, 重
	Huaiji	重
	Yunfu	鄭
	Xinxing	重
	Luoding	重
	Yunan (Pingtai)	鄭
	Yangjiang	還
	Xinyi	重
	Nanning	重
	Wuzhou	重
	Yulin	重
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	重
	Mengshan (Xihe)	重
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	重
	Bobai	重
	Qinzhou	重
	Beihai	重
	Ningming	重
	Hengzhou	淨
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	重
	Singapore (Guangfu)	重
Gan	Nanchang	還
	Pingxiang	還
Hakka	Meixian	還
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	重
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	還
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	還
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	還
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	還
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	猶
	Hong Kong	還
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	還
	Kuching (Hepo)	還
Huizhou	Jixi	還
Jin	Taiyuan	還
Northern Min	Jian'ou	固, 唵
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	固
	Matsu	固
Southern Min	Xiamen	猶, 猶閣
	Quanzhou	猶, 猶閣
	Zhangzhou	猶, 猶閣
	Zhao'an	還
	Tainan	猶, 猶閣
	Penang (Hokkien)	閣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	猶, 猶閣, 閣
	Manila (Hokkien)	猶, 猶閣
	Chaozhou	還
	Shantou	還
	Jieyang	還
	Haifeng	還
	Singapore (Teochew)	還
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	仲
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	重
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	還
Wu	Shanghai	還
	Suzhou	還
	Danyang	還
	Wenzhou	還
	Jinhua	還
Xiang	Changsha	還
	Loudi	還
	Shuangfeng	還
	Quanzhou	還

• (even):

edit

• 仍 (réng)
• 仍是 (réngshì)
• 仍然 (réngrán)
• 仍舊 / 仍旧 (réngjiù)
• 依然 (yīrán)
• 依舊 / 依旧 (yījiù)
• 兀自 (wùzì) (dialectal or archaic)
• 原徑 / 原径 (⁶gnioe-cin) (Wu)
• 嘛閣 / 嘛阁 (Hokkien)
• 寧可 / 宁可 (⁶gnin-kho₃) (Hangzhounese)
• 尚且 (shàngqiě)
• 本本 (Hakka)
• 猶且 / 犹且 (yóuqiě) (literary)
• 猶是 / 犹是 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 猶然 / 犹然 (yóurán)
• 猶自 / 犹自 (yóuzì)
• 還 / 还 (hái)
• 還是 / 还是 (háishì)
• 都係 / 都系 (Cantonese)

• (to value):

edit

• 寅畏 (yínwèi) (literary)
• 尊存 (Hokkien)
• 尊崇 (zūnchóng)
• 尊敬 (zūnjìng)
• 尊重 (zūnzhòng)
• 崇仰 (chóngyǎng)
• 崇尚 (chóngshàng)
• 崇拜 (chóngbài)
• 崇敬 (chóngjìng)
• 推尊 (tuīzūn)
• 推崇 (tuīchóng)
• 敦尚 (dūnshàng) (literary)
• 敬 (jìng)
• 敬愛 / 敬爱 (jìng'ài)
• 敬服 (jìngfú)
• 敬畏 (jìngwèi)
• 敬重 (jìngzhòng)
• 畏服 (wèifú) (literary)
• 誠忠 / 诚忠 (chéngzhōng) (literary)

• (noble):

edit

• 可敬 (kějìng)
• 威嚴 / 威严 (wēiyán)
• 尊嚴 / 尊严 (zūnyán)
• 尊貴 / 尊贵 (zūnguì)
• 崇高 (chónggāo)
• 巖巖 / 岩岩 (yányán) (literary)
• 高大 (gāodà)
• 高尚 (gāoshàng)
• 高貴 / 高贵 (gāoguì)
• 高超 (gāochāo) (literary)

Compounds

• 一息尚存 (yīxīshàngcún)
• 不尚
• 今文尚書 / 今文尚书
• 伏維尚饗 / 伏维尚飨
• 俗尚 (súshàng)
• 元尚篇
• 兵部尚書 / 兵部尚书
• 刑部尚書 / 刑部尚书
• 口尚乳臭
• 古文尚書 / 古文尚书
• 和尚
• 和尚打傘 / 和尚打伞
• 嘉尚
• 坦尚尼亞 / 坦尚尼亚 (Tǎnshàngníyà)
• 堂頭和尚 / 堂头和尚
• 大和尚
• 好尚
• 尊年尚齒 / 尊年尚齿
• 尚且 (shàngqiě)
• 尚佳
• 尚友
• 尚可 (shàngkě)
• 尚古自
• 尚市 (Shàngshì)
• 尚志 (shàngzhì)
• 尚方
• 尚方寶劍 / 尚方宝剑 (shàngfāng bǎojiàn)
• 尚書 / 尚书
• 尚書令 / 尚书令 (shàngshūlìng)
• 尚書大傳 / 尚书大传
• 尚書省 / 尚书省 (Shàngshūshěng)
• 尚書郎 / 尚书郎 (shàngshūláng)
• 尚有可為 / 尚有可为
• 尚未 (shàngwèi)
• 尚武 (shàngwǔ)
• 尚比亞 / 尚比亚 (Shàngbǐyà)
• 尚然
• 尚猶 / 尚犹
• 尚衣
• 尚饗 / 尚飨 (shàngxiǎng)
• 尚齒 / 尚齿
• 山和尚 (shānhéshàng)
• 崇尚 (chóngshàng)
• 崇節尚儉 / 崇节尚俭
• 巴達赫尚 / 巴达赫尚 (Bādáhèshàng)
• 布袋和尚
• 弄性尚氣 / 弄性尚气
• 循尚
• 志尚
• 戶部尚書 / 户部尚书
• 時尚 / 时尚 (shíshàng)
• 法海和尚
• 由竇尚書 / 由窦尚书
• 當家和尚 / 当家和尚
• 疏財尚氣 / 疏财尚气
• 禮尚往來 / 礼尚往来 (lǐshàngwǎnglái)
• 禮部尚書 / 礼部尚书
• 節尚 / 节尚
• 紅杏尚書 / 红杏尚书
• 素尚
• 習尚 / 习尚 (xíshàng)
• 花和尚 (huāhéshàng)
• 衣錦尚絅 / 衣锦尚䌹
• 跳牆和尚 / 跳墙和尚
• 鄉黨尚齒 / 乡党尚齿
• 阿必尚
• 風尚 / 风尚 (fēngshàng)
• 高尚 (gāoshàng)

Descendants

• → Tangut: 𗊻 (*śjo²) (transliteration)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháng (chang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻang²
    • Yale: cháng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
    • Palladius: чан (čan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyang

Rime
Character	尚
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	市羊切
Baxter	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尚
Reading #	1/2
No.	11156
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	常
Old Chinese	/*djaŋ/
Notes	說文從向聲，金文不似，疑堂或常初文

Definitions

尚

1. used in 尚羊 (chángyáng)
2. Variant pronunciation used in 尚書／尚书 (shàngshū, “position of the chief secretary”).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siāng

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
    • Tâi-lô: siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siong
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
    • Tâi-lô: siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siang
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²/

Definitions

尚

1. (Hokkien) alternative form of 上 (siōng, “most”)
   • 2000, “衝衝衝 [Rushing]”, performed by 伍佰:

     衝衝衝　踏遍天下我尚勇 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     冲冲冲　踏遍天下我尚勇 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     chhiong chhiong chhiong, ta̍h piàn thian-hā góa siōng ióng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2014, 廖偉志, “尚痛的記誌”, in 阿宅的心聲, performed by 蔡佳麟:

     彼條尚熟悉的街路　咱住過的所在 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     彼条尚熟悉的街路　咱住过的所在 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     hit tiâu siōng se̍k-sāi ê ke-lō͘, lán tòa-kòe ê só͘-chāi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     That street that we're most familiar with, the place where we lived together

Japanese

Shinjitai	尚
Kyūjitai	尙

Kanji

尚

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 尙)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: くわえる (kuwaeru, 尚える)^{←くはへる (kufaferu, 尚へる, historical)}、たかい (takai, 尚い)、たかめる (takameru, 尚める)、たっとぶ (tattobu, 尚ぶ)、とうとぶ (tōtobu, 尚ぶ)^{←たふとぶ (tafutobu, 尚ぶ, historical)}、とうとい (tōtoi, 尚い)^{←たふとい (tafutoi, 尚い, historical)}、なお (nao, 尚)^{←なほ (nafo, なほ, historical)}、ねがう (negau, 尚う)^{←ねがふ (negafu, 尚ふ, historical)}
• Nanori: さね (sane)、たか (taka)、たかし (takashi)、なか (naka)、なり (nari)、ひさ (hisa)、ひさし (hisashi)、まさ (masa)、まし (mashi)、ます (masu)、よし (yoshi)、より (yori)

Compounds

• 尚古(しょうこ) (shōko)
• 尚歯(しょうし) (shōshi)
• 尚書(しょうしょ) (Shōsho)
• 尚早(しょうそう) (shōsō)
• 尚武(しょうぶ) (shōbu)
• 好尚(こうしょう) (kōshō)
• 高尚(こうしょう) (kōshō)
• 和尚(おしょう) (oshō), 和尚(かしょう) (kashō), 和尚(わじょう) (wajō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
尚
しょう Grade: S
kan'on

Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 尚 (MC dzyangH).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ː]
• (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])

Affix

尚(しょう) • (shō) ^{←しやう (syau)?}

1. esteem, respect
2. high status
3. long time
4. furthermore, still, yet

Proper noun

尚(しょう) • (Shō) ^{←しやう (Syau)?}

1. a surname used by the Ryukyu royal family
2. a male or female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
尚
なお Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

For pronunciation and definitions of 尚 – see the following entry.

【なお】 [adverb] furthermore, in addition [adverb] still, as always [adverb] even (more) [conjunction] moreover, furthermore, in addition, note that Alternative spellings 猶, 尚お, 猶お

(This term, 尚, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
尚
なお Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [na̠o̞]
• (Tokyo) なお [náꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])

Proper noun

尚(なお) • (Nao) ^{←なほ (Nafo)?}

1. a male or female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
尚
たかし Grade: S
nanori

Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of classical adjective 高し (takashi), modern 高い (takai, “high”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ta̠ka̠ɕi]

Proper noun

尚(たかし) • (Takashi) 

1. a surname
2. a male given name

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
尚
ひさし Grade: S
nanori

Alternative spelling
尙 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of classical adjective 久し (hisashi), modern 久しい (hisashii, “long time”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [çisa̠ɕi]
• (Tokyo) ひさし [híꜜsàshì] (Atamadaka – [1])

Proper noun

尚(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

1. a male or female given name

References

• “^△尚”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

尚 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

尚: Hán Việt readings: thượng
尚: Nôm readings: thằng, chuộng, sượng

1. chữ Nôm form of chuộng (“to prefer, to like”)
2. chữ Nôm form of sượng (“synonym of ngượng (“embarrassed”)”)
3. chữ Nôm form of thằng (“(informal or offensive) indicates male people”)