仍

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仍 U+4ECD, 仍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECD
← 仌
[U+4ECC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 从 →
[U+4ECE]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

仍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人弓竹尸 (ONHS), four-corner 27227, composition ⿰亻乃)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 92, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 361
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4ECD

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 仍

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 仍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script

s05762

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33480

L33481

L11443

L11444

L11445

L11446

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
乃 *nɯːʔ
鼐 *nɯːʔ, *nɯːs
疓 *njɯːʔ
奶 *rneːlʔ
仍 *njɯŋ
艿 *njɯŋ
辸 *njɯŋ
礽 *njɯŋ
扔 *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs
芿 *njɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯŋ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).

Etymology[edit]

“to be done repeatedly; as before”
A terminative derivation from 二 (OC *njis, “two”), literally “got to be done twice/again”. Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(j)aŋ (“to follow; to repeat”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: Pronounced as rēng or rěng dialectally.
Note:
  • 3nyin - vernacular;
  • 3zen - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 仍
    Mandarin Beijing /ʐəŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ʐəŋ⁴⁴/
    /ʐəŋ²¹³/
    Tianjin /iŋ⁴⁵/
    /ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʐəŋ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʐəŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʐəŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ʐə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /nən²¹³/
    Chengdu /zən³¹/
    Guiyang /zen²¹/
    Kunming /ʐə̃³¹/
    Nanjing /ʐən²⁴/
    /ʐən²¹²/
    Hefei /ʐən⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
    Pingyao
    Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
    Suzhou /zən¹³/
    Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
    Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi
    Xiang Changsha /ʐən¹³/
    Xiangtan /in¹²/
    Gan Nanchang
    Hakka Meixian /in¹¹/
    Taoyuan /in¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ²¹/
    Nanning /jeŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /jiŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /zoŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zeŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 仍
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 如乗切
    Baxter nying
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵɨŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵɨŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑieŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵiŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵiəŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭəŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯əŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		réng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jing4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 仍
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		réng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nying ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nəŋ/
    English repeat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 仍
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9342
    Phonetic
    component         		乃
    Rime
    group         		蒸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*njɯŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    仍

    1. to follow; to do the same as
    2. to continue; to be done repeatedly
    3. frequently; repeatedly
    4. the eighth generation; numerous (descendants)
    5. still; yet
    6. thus; as a result
    7. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to follow):
    • (still):

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (仍):
    • → Vietnamese: nhưng (仍)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    仍

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    仍 (eum 잉 (ing))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Pai-lang[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”). Compare Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Old Chinese 仁 (OC *njin, “kernel”).

    Noun[edit]

    仍 (*niŋ)

    1. heart

    References[edit]

    • Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    仍: Hán Nôm readings: nhưng, nhăng, nhang, những, dưng, dừng, nhẳng, nhùng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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