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仍

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
仍 U+4ECD, 仍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECD
← 仌
[U+4ECC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 从 →
[U+4ECE]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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仍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 人弓竹尸 (ONHS), four-corner 27227, composition ⿰亻乃)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 361
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4ECD

Bailang

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”). Compare Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Old Chinese 仁 (OC *njin, “kernel”).

Noun

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仍 (*niŋ)

  1. heart

References

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  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 仍

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 仍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05762
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33480
L33481
L11443
L11444
L11445
L11446
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
乃 *nɯːʔ
鼐 *nɯːʔ, *nɯːs
疓 *njɯːʔ
奶 *rneːlʔ
仍 *njɯŋ
艿 *njɯŋ
辸 *njɯŋ
礽 *njɯŋ
扔 *njɯŋ, *njɯŋs
芿 *njɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯŋ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).

Etymology

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“to be done repeatedly; as before”
A terminative derivation from 二 (OC *njis, “two”), literally “got to be done twice/again”. Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(j)aŋ (“to follow; to repeat”).

Pronunciation

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Note: Pronounced as rēng or rěng dialectally.
Note:
  • Shanghai:
    • 6zen - literary;
    • 6gnin - vernacular.
  • Fuyang:
    • 2dzen - literary;
    • 5gnin - vernacular.
  • Haining, Jiading:
    • 2zen - literary;
    • 2gnin - vernacular.
  • Hangzhou:
    • 2dzen - traditional;
    • 2gnin - new-styled, influenced by the surrounding dialects.
  • Shaoxing:
    • 2dzeon - literary;
    • 2jin - literary (as in 仍舊);
    • 2gnin - vernacular.
  • Songjiang, Tongxiang:
    • 2zen - literary;
    • 2gnin - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 仍
Mandarin Beijing /ʐəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʐəŋ⁴⁴/
/ʐəŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /iŋ⁴⁵/
/ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʐəŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐəŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ʐəŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʐə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən²¹³/
Chengdu /zən³¹/
Guiyang /zen²¹/
Kunming /ʐə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʐən²⁴/
/ʐən²¹²/
Hefei /ʐən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /ʐə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zeŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ʐən¹³/
Xiangtan /in¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /in¹¹/
Taoyuan /in¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ²¹/
Nanning /jeŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /jiŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zoŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zeŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 仍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如乗切
Baxter nying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		réng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 仍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		réng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nying ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nəŋ/
English repeat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 仍
Reading # 1/1
No. 9342
Phonetic
component 		乃
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯŋ/

Definitions

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仍

  1. to follow; to do the same as
  2. to continue; to be done repeatedly
  3. frequently; repeatedly
  4. the eighth generation; numerous (descendants)
  5. still; yet
  6. thus; as a result
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to follow):
  • (still):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (仍):
  • → Vietnamese: nhưng (仍)

Others:

Japanese

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Kanji

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仍

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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仍 (eum 잉 (ing))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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仍: Hán Việt readings: nhưng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
仍: Nôm readings: nhưng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], những[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], nhửng[3][5][6][7], dưng[1][2][3], dửng[1][2][3], nhăng[1][3][4], nhẳng[3][4], dừng[1], nhằng[1], nhâng[1], dằng[2], nhùng[3], nhừng[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhưng (“but; yet”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of dừng (“to stop; to halt”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of dửng (“uncaring; callous”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of nhăng (“used in lăng nhăng (“trashy; unimportant; insignificant; trivial”)”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of những (“Plural marker”)
    • 1820, 阮攸 [Nguyễn Du], compiled by Liễu Văn Đường, 傳翹 [Truyện Kiều], published 1866, line 4:
      仍(Những)調(điều)𬖉(trông)𧡊(thấy)㐌(đã)𤴬(đau)疸(đớn)𢚸(lòng)
      The things that we saw still deeply pain our hearts.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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