和尚

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See also: 和尙

Chinese[edit]

 
mix together; peace; harmony
mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm
 
still; yet; to value
still; yet; to value; to esteem
trad. (和尚/和尙) /
simp. (和尚)
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:

Etymology[edit]

“Senior monk who holds the precepts-granting ceremony; preceptor” > “high priest; head monk” > “Buddhist monks in general”. First attested in the 3rd–4th centuries CE, as 和上.

Borrowed from Prakrit uvajjhāa, uajjhāa, ujjhāa, ojjhāa, ojhāa, ujjhā, ujjha (“teacher; religious teacher”), all ultimately derived from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser) (Chu, 2002). The use of (MC dzyangH) or (MC dzyangH) to render Prakrit jjhāa /d̚d͡ʑʱɑː.ɐ/ was probably influenced by:

  1. The loss of the nasal –ŋ coda in the ancient northwestern dialect of Middle Chinese, and
  2. The use of phono-semantic matching in transcription, with taken to mean “noble; virtuous; to revere” (idem).

Compare Gandhari 𐨀𐨂𐨬𐨗𐨸𐨩(uvaj̄aya, teacher), Pali upajjhāya, upajjhā, upajjha (spiritual teacher or preceptor), Hindi ओझा (ojhā, exorcist), Sindhi واڍو‎ / वाढो (vāḍho, carpenter), Assamese ওজা (üza, one well-versed in any art; teacher; sorcerer), Bengali ওঝা (ōjha, snake-charmer; exorcist), Oriya ଓଝା (ojha, teacher; one who cures snake-bites; wizard; exorcist; title of blacksmiths and carpenters), Malayalam വാധ്യായൻ (vādhyāyaṉ, teacher; family priest), Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, teacher; family priest; one who trains actors and dancers).

Alternative theories, such as those put forth by Tang Dynasty monks Xuanying and Huiyuan, hypothesise that this was borrowed from Khotanese or language of the Shule Kingdom, but these appear less likely.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • huê5 siên7/huê5 sion7 - vernacular;
  • hua5 siang6 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (33) (25)
    Final () (95) (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed Open
    Division () I III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hwa dzyangH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦuɑ/ /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦuɑ/ /d͡ʑiɐŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣuɑ/ /d͡ʑiɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦwa/ /d͡ʑɨaŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣuɑ/ /ʑiaŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣuɑ/ /ʑĭaŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɣuɑ/ /ʑi̯aŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huó shàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    wo4 soeng6

    Noun[edit]

    和尚

    1. (Buddhism) preceptor; high priest; head monk
    2. (by extension) any Buddhist monk
    3. (Gan) knee

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (knee):

    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (和尚):

    Others:

    Japanese[edit]

     和尚 on Japanese Wikipedia

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    しょう
    Grade: S
    tōon kan’on
    Alternative spelling
    和尙 (kyūjitai)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    ()(しょう) (oshōをしやう (wosyau)?

    1. (Zen or Pure Land Buddhism) Buddhist priest
      1. a Buddhist priest who is the head of a temple or in a higher rank.
      2. title and style for high ranked Buddhist priests.
      3. a Buddhist priest master who gives instructions to other priests.
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    しょう
    Grade: S
    kan’on
    Alternative spellings
    和尙 (kyūjitai)
    和上

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    ()(しょう) (kashōくわしやう (kwasyau)?

    1. (Tendai or Kegon Buddhism) preceptor; high priest

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    じょう
    Grade: S
    goon
    Alternative spellings
    和尙 (kyūjitai)
    和上

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    ()(じょう) (wajōわじやう (wazyau)?

    1. (Shingon, Hosso, Ritsu or Shin Buddhism) preceptor; high priest

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese[edit]

    chữ Hán in this term

    Noun[edit]

    和尚

    1. chữ Hán form of hoà thượng (senior Buddhist monk).