膝

膝 U+819D, 膝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819D ← 膜 [U+819C] CJK Unified Ideographs 膞 → [U+819E]

Translingual

Han character

膝 (radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月木人水 (BDOE), four-corner 7423₂, composition ⿰⺼桼)

Coordinate terms

• 肘

References

• KangXi: page 993, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29837
• Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2106, character 11
• Unihan data for U+819D

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Chinese

trad.		膝
simp. #		膝
alternative forms		䣛 ⿰月夕 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
漆	*sʰiɡ
桼	*sʰiɡ
膝	*siɡ
厀	*siɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siɡ): semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – a body part, the knee.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhit

  (Meixian, Guangdong): qid⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): qieh⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): chék
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sit / chhek / chhiak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cag⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): xiq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Wade–Giles: hsi1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • Tongyong Pinyin: si
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sat¹
    • Yale: sāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
    • Hakka Romanization System: qid`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰit̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: qid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰit̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
    • Tâi-lô: sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sid
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/

Note:

• Quanzhou and Taiwan:
  • sit - literary;
  • chhek/chhiak - vernacular.

(Teochew)

• Peng'im: cag⁴
• Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshak
• Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰak̚²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: xiq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /siɪt̚/

Rime
Character	膝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息七切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sit̚/
Li Rong	/siĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsik/

  (Zhengzhang): /*siɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sit ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tsik/
English	knee
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膝
Reading #	1/1
No.	9928
Phonetic component	桼
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	悉
Old Chinese	/*siɡ/
Notes	同厀

Definitions

膝

1. (anatomy) knee

   膝蓋 / 膝盖  ―  xīgài  ―  knee

Compounds

• 交臂屈膝
• 低頭屈膝／低头屈膝
• 低顏下膝／低颜下膝
• 促膝
• 促膝談心／促膝谈心
• 促膝長談／促膝长谈
• 兜膝
• 兩手過膝／两手过膝
• 加膝墜淵／加膝坠渊
• 卑躬屈膝 (bēigōng-qūxī)
• 垂手過膝／垂手过膝
• 奴顏婢膝／奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī)
• 婢膝奴顏／婢膝奴颜
• 容膝
• 對膝／对膝

• 屈膝 (qūxī)
• 承歡膝下／承欢膝下 (chénghuān xīxià)
• 拊膝
• 拍膝嗟歎／拍膝嗟叹
• 接膝
• 敝膝
• 盤膝／盘膝
• 盤膝而坐／盘膝而坐
• 磕膝蓋／磕膝盖
• 竹夾膝／竹夹膝
• 胳膝
• 膝下 (xīxià)
• 膝下猶虛／膝下犹虚
• 膝反射

• 膝席
• 膝癢搔背／膝痒搔背
• 膝蓋／膝盖 (xīgài)
• 膝蓋骨／膝盖骨 (xīgàigǔ)
• 膝行 (xīxíng)
• 膝行肘步
• 膝袒
• 膝褲／膝裤
• 膝頭／膝头 (xītóu)
• 蔽膝 (bìxī)
• 裂裳裹膝
• 護膝／护膝 (hùxī)
• 鶴膝／鹤膝
• 鶴膝風／鹤膝风

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Japanese

Kanji

膝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しち (shichi)
• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu)
• Kun: ひざ (hiza, 膝, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 膝蓋(しつがい) (shitsugai): patella, kneecap

Kanji in this term
膝
ひざ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pinsa.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひざ [hìzá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çiza̠]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

膝(ひざ) • (hiza) 

1. knee

   膝(ひざ)を抱(かか)える

   hiza o kakaeru

   to hug one's knees

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膝 (MC siɪt̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	무룹 (Yale: mwùlwùp)	슬〮 (Yale: súl)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɯɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [슬]

Hanja

Wikisource

膝 (eumhun 무릎 슬 (mureup seul))

1. Hanja form^? of 슬 (“knee”). [affix]

Compounds

Compounds

• 슬하 (膝下, seulha)
• 슬골 (膝骨, seulgol)
• 슬개골 (膝蓋骨, seulgaegol)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vietnamese

Han character

膝: Hán Nôm readings: tất

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.