膝

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膝 U+819D, 膝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819D
← 膜
[U+819C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膞 →
[U+819E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

膝 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月木人水 (BDOE), four-corner 74232, composition ⿰⺼桼)

Coordinate terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 993, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2106, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+819D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 膝
simp. # 膝
2nd round simp. ⿰月夕
alternative forms 厀
䣛
𦡩
𦜔

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (桼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
漆 *sʰiɡ
桼 *sʰiɡ
膝 *siɡ
厀 *siɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siɡ): semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – the knee.

Originally 厀, a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siɡ): phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Quanzhou and Taiwan:
    • sit - literary;
    • chhek/chhiak - vernacular.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 膝
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 眞 (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息七切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/siĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sat1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 膝
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sit ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-tsik/
    English knee

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 膝
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9928
    Phonetic
    component         		桼
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		悉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*siɡ/
    Notes 同厀

    Definitions[edit]

    膝

    1. (anatomy) knee
      膝蓋／膝盖  ―  xīgài  ―  knee

    Compounds[edit]

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 膝蓋 (“knee”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 膝
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 膝蓋
    Mandarin Beijing 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒, 磕膝蓋兒
    Taiwan 膝蓋
    Tianjin 波稜蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒, 脖拉蓋兒, 脖力蓋兒
    Langfang 波了蓋兒
    Tangshan 波稜蓋兒
    Cangzhou 波拉蓋兒
    Baoding 圪拉瓣兒
    Shijiazhuang 膝蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒
    Daming 胳拉伴兒
    Ulanhot 波浪蓋兒
    Tongliao 波浪蓋兒
    Chifeng 簸籮蓋
    Bayanhot 波羅蓋
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 波浪蓋兒
    Harbin 簸稜蓋兒, 簸勒蓋兒
    Shenyang 波拉蓋兒
    Yantai (Muping) 波稜蓋
    Qingdao 波羅蓋兒
    Jinan 波勒蓋, 波拉蓋, 胳拉瓣兒
    Luoyang 不老蓋兒, 圪老拜兒
    Wanrong 圪膝蓋, 膝子蓋
    Zhengzhou 不牢蓋兒, 膝蓋
    Xi'an 磕膝蓋
    Yinchuan 波里蓋, 膝蓋
    Lanzhou 波膝蓋子, 玻璃蓋子
    Xining 波膝蓋
    Ürümqi 波膝蓋兒
    Wuhan 磕膝頭, 磕膝, 拱子
    Huanggang 色頭兒
    Chengdu 磕膝頭兒, 膝蓋
    Guiyang 磕膝頭
    Kunming 磕膝頭
    Guilin 膝蓋
    Liuzhou 波羅蓋, 腳膝蓋
    Xuzhou 胳老拜子, 膝蓋
    Yangzhou 磕膝頭子, 波羅蓋子 dated
    Nanjing 磕膝頭, 磕膝頭兒, 胳蓋兒
    Hefei 胳腦頭子, 胳腦頭, 磕膝頭
    Nantong 膝頭盤兒
    Changle (Qinjiang) 波羅蓋
    Singapore 膝蓋
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 磕膝蓋, 普膝蓋子
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 磕膝蓋, 磕膝蓋子, 洼膝羅子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 膝頭哥, 膝頭
    Hong Kong 膝頭哥, 膝頭
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 膝頭哥
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 膝頭蓋
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 膝頭
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 膝頭
    Macau 膝頭
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 膝頭哥
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 膝頭哥
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 膝頭牯
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 膝頭
    Foshan 膝頭哥
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 膝頭哥
    Foshan (Shunde) 膝頭哥
    Foshan (Sanshui) 膝頭哥
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 膝頭哥
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 膝頭哥
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 膝頭哥
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 膝頭
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 膝頭哥
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 膝頭哥
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 膝頭哥
    Taishan 膝頭哥, 膝頭
    Kaiping (Chikan) 膝頭哥
    Enping (Niujiang) 膝頭哥
    Heshan (Yayao) 膝頭蓋
    Dongguan 膝頭, 波羅蓋, 膝蓋
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 波羅蓋
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 膝頭
    Qingyuan 膝頭哥
    Fogang 膝頭哥
    Yingde (Hanguang) 膝頭牯
    Yangshan 膝頭牯
    Lianshan (Butian) 膝頭牯
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 膝頭蓋
    Shaoguan 膝頭哥
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膝頭哥
    Renhua 膝頭哥
    Lechang 膝頭哥
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 膝頭哥
    Sihui 膝頭哥
    Guangning 膝頭哥
    Deqing 膝頭牯, 膝頭哥
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 膝頭牯
    Yunfu 膝頭牯
    Xinxing 膝頭哥
    Luoding 膝頭哥
    Yunan (Pingtai) 膝頭牯
    Yangjiang 膝頭
    Xinyi 膝頭牯
    Lianjiang 膝頭
    Nanning 膝頭哥, 膝頭
    Wuzhou 膝頭
    Yulin 膝頭
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 膝蓋
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
    Singapore (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 膝頭哥
    Gan Nanchang 膝頭, 膝頭蓋子, 磕膝, 磕膝頭子, 和尚
    Lichuan 膝頭公
    Pingxiang 膝頭牯
    Hakka Meixian 膝頭, 膝頭項
    Xingning 膝頭
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 膝頭
    Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 膝頭
    Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 膝頭
    Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 膝頭
    Huidong (Daling) 膝頭
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 膝頭蓋
    Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 膝頭
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 膝頭, 膝頭牯
    Boluo (Bendihua) 膝頭
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 膝頭
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 膝頭牯
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 膝頭, 波羅蓋
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 波羅蓋
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 膝頭
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 膝頭
    Wuhua (Changbu) 膝頭
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 膝頭
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 膝頭
    Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 膝頭
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 膝頭
    Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 膝頭
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 腳頭
    Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 膝頭
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 膝頭骨
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 膝頭牯
    Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 膝頭牯
    Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 膝頭牯
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 腳頭牯
    Conghua (Lütian) 膝頭
    Jiexi 膝頭
    Changting 膝頭
    Wuping 膝頭
    Wuping (Pingyu) 膝頭
    Liancheng 膝頭卵
    Ninghua 膝頭拐, 膝頭腦
    Yudu 膝頭
    Ruijin 膝頭蓋子
    Shicheng 膝頭
    Shangyou (Shexi) 膝頭腦
    Taoyuan 膝頭
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 膝頭, 腳膝頭
    Hong Kong 膝頭
    Luchuan 膝頭
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 膝頭, 膝蓋
    Sabah (Longchuan) 膝頭
    Senai (Huiyang) 膝頭
    Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 膝頭
    Singkawang 膝頭
    Huizhou Jixi 腳膝頭
    Shexian 腳膝頭
    Tunxi 腳膝頭
    Xiuning 腳膝頭
    Yixian 腳膝頭
    Qimen 腳膝頭
    Wuyuan 腳膝頭
    Jin Taiyuan 圪膝蓋, 圪地跪
    Pingyao 胳膝跪子
    Xinzhou 圪替跪, 圪膝蓋, 圪膝
    Taibus (Baochang) 圪膝蓋
    Linhe 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋子
    Jining 圪膝蓋
    Hohhot 圪膝蓋, 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝
    Baotou 圪膝蓋
    Dongsheng 圪膝蓋
    Zhangjiakou 胳膝蓋兒
    Handan 胳老伴兒
    Min Bei Jian'ou 跤腹頭
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 跤腹頭
    Songxi 跤腹頭
    Zhenghe 跤腹頭
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 跤神頭, 跤腹頭
    Jianyang 跤腹頭
    Wuyishan 跤脊頭
    Pucheng (Shibei) 跤腹頭
    Min Dong Fuzhou 跤腹頭
    Fuqing 跤肚頭, 跤腹頭
    Gutian 跤腹頭
    Ningde 跤骨頭
    Zhouning 跤肚頭
    Fuding 跤腹頭
    Matsu 跤骨頭
    Min Nan Xiamen 跤頭趺
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 跤頭趺
    Quanzhou 跤頭趺
    Jinjiang 跤頭趺
    Yongchun 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
    Dehua 跤頭趺
    Zhangzhou 跤頭趺, 跤尪仔
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 跤腕仔, 燈火仔
    Dongshan 跤頭趺
    Taipei 跤頭趺
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 跤頭腕
    Kaohsiung 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
    Yilan 跤頭趺, 跤頭翁仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 跤腕, 跤頭趺, 跤趺
    Taichung 跤頭趺
    Taichung (Wuqi) 跤頭趺
    Tainan 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
    Taitung 跤甕
    Hsinchu 跤頭趺
    Kinmen 跤頭趺
    Penghu (Magong) 跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
    Penang (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
    Singapore (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
    Manila (Hokkien) 跤頭趺
    Longyan 跤頭趺
    Zhangping 跤趺腕
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 跤趺
    Datian 跤趺頭
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 膝頭
    Chaozhou 跤頭趺
    Shantou 跤頭, 跤頭趺
    Shantou (Chenghai) 跤頭
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 跤頭
    Jieyang 跤頭趺
    Haifeng 跤頭趺
    Bangkok (Teochew) 跤頭趺
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 跤頭趺
    Leizhou 跤頭趺, 跤趺
    Wenchang 跤趺
    Haikou 跤趺臍, 跤趺
    Qionghai 跤趺
    Puxian Min Putian 跤肚頭
    Xianyou 跤肚頭
    Min Zhong Yong'an 跤頭節, 跤筒節, 跤際頭節, 跤仔頭
    Sanyuan 跤脊頭
    Shaxian 跤子頭
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 跤瀝頭
    Sanxiang 跤頭趺, 跤即頭
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 膝頭, 膝頭蓋, 膝頭尖
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 屈頭眼
    Shehua Fu'an 腳腹頭
    Fuding 腳腹頭
    Luoyuan 腳腹頭
    Sanming 腳腹頭
    Hua'an 腳腹頭
    Cangnan 腳腹頭
    Fengshun 腳腹頭
    Wu Shanghai 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭, 膝蓋
    Shanghai (Chongming) 膝饅頭
    Suzhou 腳饅頭, 膝饅頭
    Wuxi 膝饅頭
    Danyang 膝盤頭, 膝頭盤, 膝蓋, 膝蓋頭
    Hangzhou 腳髁頭, 膝髁頭, 腳膝髁頭
    Ningbo 腳髁頭
    Wenzhou 腳胐頭
    Jinhua 腳膝䯊
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 膝蓋, 腳膝髁頭
    Xiang Changsha 膝頭骨, 磕膝骨
    Xiangtan 膝頭牯, 膝蓋
    Loudi 膝頭牯
    Shuangfeng 膝頭骨
    Quanzhou 磕膝頭

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    膝

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    膝
    ひざ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Etymology[edit]

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pinsa.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    膝(ひざ) • (hiza) 

    1. knee
      膝(ひざ)を抱(かか)える
      hiza o kakaeru
      to hug one's knees

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 膝 (MC siɪt̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 무룹 (Yale: mwùlwùp) 슬〮 (Yale: súl)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    膝 (eumhun 무릎 슬 (mureup seul))

    1. Hanja form? of 슬 (“knee”). [affix]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    膝: Hán Nôm readings: tất

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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