膝

膝 U+819D, 膝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-819D ← 膜 [U+819C] CJK Unified Ideographs 膞 → [U+819E]

Translingual

Han character

膝 (radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月木人水 (BDOE), four-corner 7423₂, composition ⿰⺼桼)

Coordinate terms

• 肘

References

• KangXi: page 993, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29837
• Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2106, character 11
• Unihan data for U+819D

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		膝
variant forms		䣛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
漆	*sʰiɡ
桼	*sʰiɡ
膝	*siɡ
厀	*siɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *siɡ): semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – a body part, the knee.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhit
• Min Dong (BUC): chék
• Min Nan (POJ): sit / chhek / chhiak
• Wu (Wiktionary): xiq (T4)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Wade–Giles: hsih¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sat¹
    • Yale: sāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: sed¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
    • Hakka Romanization System: qid`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵
    • IPA: /t͡ɕʰit̚²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chék
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
    • Tâi-lô: sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sid
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/

Note:

• Quanzhou and Taiwan:
  • sit - literary;
  • chhek/chhiak - vernacular.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: xiq (T4)
  • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /siɪt̚/▼

Rime
Character	膝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息七切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sit̚/
Li Rong	/siĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsik/

  (Zhengzhang): /*siɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sit ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tsik/
English	knee
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膝
Reading #	1/1
No.	9928
Phonetic component	桼
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	悉
Old Chinese	/*siɡ/
Notes	同厀

Definitions

膝

1. (anatomy) knee

   膝蓋 / 膝盖  ―  xīgài  ―  knee

Compounds

• 交臂屈膝
• 低頭屈膝／低头屈膝
• 低顏下膝／低颜下膝
• 促膝
• 促膝談心／促膝谈心
• 促膝長談／促膝长谈
• 兜膝
• 兩手過膝／两手过膝
• 加膝墜淵／加膝坠渊
• 卑躬屈膝
• 垂手過膝／垂手过膝
• 奴顏婢膝／奴颜婢膝
• 婢膝奴顏／婢膝奴颜
• 容膝

• 對膝／对膝
• 屈膝 (qūxī)
• 承歡膝下／承欢膝下
• 拊膝
• 拍膝嗟歎／拍膝嗟叹
• 接膝
• 敝膝
• 盤膝／盘膝
• 盤膝而坐／盘膝而坐
• 磕膝蓋／磕膝盖
• 竹夾膝／竹夹膝
• 胳膝
• 膝下 (xīxià)
• 膝下猶虛／膝下犹虚

• 膝反射
• 膝席
• 膝癢搔背／膝痒搔背
• 膝蓋／膝盖 (xīgài)
• 膝蓋骨／膝盖骨 (xīgàigǔ)
• 膝行
• 膝行肘步
• 膝袒
• 膝褲／膝裤
• 蔽膝
• 裂裳裹膝
• 護膝／护膝 (hùxī)
• 鶴膝／鹤膝
• 鶴膝風／鹤膝风

---

Japanese

Kanji

膝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: しち (shichi)
• Kan’on: しつ (shitsu)
• Kun: ひざ (hiza, 膝, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 膝蓋 (しつがい) (shitsugai): patella, kneecap

Kanji in this term
膝
ひざ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ひざ [hìzá] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [çiza̠]

  • Audio

    (file)

Noun

膝 (hiragana ひざ, rōmaji hiza)

1. knee

   膝 (ひざ)を抱 (かか)える

   hiza o kakaeru

   to hug one's knees

---

Korean

Hanja

膝 • (seul) (hangeul 슬)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

膝 (tất)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.