悉

悉 U+6089, 悉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6089 ← 悈 [U+6088] CJK Unified Ideographs 悊 → [U+608A]

Translingual

Han character

悉 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 竹木心 (HDP), four-corner 2033₉, composition ⿱釆心)

Derived characters

• 僁, 㗭, 㣰, 㴽, 䊝, 蟋, 鏭, 窸

Additional Derived Characters

• 𡡁, 𢴑, 𤎕, 𬛐, 𦄵, 𨄠, 𨎒, 𬋚, 𠞹, 𭔎, 𱜈, 𦸝, 𢥒

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 386, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10635
• Dae Jaweon: page 719, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2301, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6089

Chinese

trad.		悉
simp. #		悉
alternative forms		怸 𢚊 𢝕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 悉
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (悉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
僁	*siːd, *sid
悉	*sid
蟋	*sid, *srid
窸	*sid

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 釆 (“to distinguish”) + 心 (“heart”) – detailed.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjəj (“to know; to understand”) (STEDT). Compare with Tibetan ཤེས་པ (shes pa, “to understand; to know”), Burmese သိ (si., “to know”), Mizo thei (“can; to be able”), Chepang चीःसा (ciʔ‑, “to know; to understand”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sit

  (Hailu, HRS): sid

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xid⁵

• Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): sék
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sit / siak / sek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷shiq / ⁷siq / ⁷sieq
  • (Jinhua): ⁷siq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xī
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: si
    • Wade–Giles: hsi¹
    • Yale: syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sik¹
    • Yale: sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
    • Hakka Romanization System: xid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sid
    • Sinological IPA: /sit⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕit̚¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sih
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
    • Tâi-lô: sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sid
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
    • Tâi-lô: siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siag
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
    • Tâi-lô: sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seg
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²/

Note:

• sit - literary;
• siak/sek - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Yixing, Jiaxing, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Fuyang, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁷shiq
    • MiniDict: shih^入
    • MiniDict: shieh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴xiq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɕiəʔ⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Yixing): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Haining): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Deqing): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɕieʔ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Chuansha, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jingjiang, Tongxiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁷siq
    • MiniDict: sih^入
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /siɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /siɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /siɪʔ⁴³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /siəʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /siɪʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /sieʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /siəʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁷sieq
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /siʌʔ⁴⁴/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁷siq
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /siəʔ⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: sit

Rime
Character	悉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息七切
Baxter	sit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sit̚/
Li Rong	/siĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]i[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sit ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]i[t]/
English	completely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悉
Reading #	1/1
No.	13339
Phonetic component	悉
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悉
Old Chinese	/*sid/

Definitions

悉

1. to know; to learn; to be informed of

   得悉  ―  déxī  ―  to know

   熟悉  ―  shúxī  ―  to know clearly

2. all; fully; entirely

   • 王命眾，悉至于庭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王命众，悉至于庭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Wáng mìng zhòng, xī zhìyú tíng. [Pinyin]

     The king commanded all to come to him in the courtyard (of his palace).

   • 趙王悉召群臣議。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     赵王悉召群臣议。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Zhào wáng xī zhào qúnchén yì. [Pinyin]

     The King of Zhao summoned all ministers to discuss the matter.

   • 餘小臣不得上，乃悉持龍髯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     余小臣不得上，乃悉持龙髯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE

     Yú xiǎo chén bùdé shàng, nǎi xī chí lóng rán. [Pinyin]

     The remaining smaller officials, who could not find a seat on the dragon, all got hold of the dragon's beard.

3. (literary) detailed

   • 上問上林尉諸禽獸簿，十餘問，尉左右視，盡不能對。虎圈嗇夫從旁代尉對上所問禽獸簿甚悉，欲以觀其能，口對響應無窮者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     上问上林尉诸禽兽簿，十余问，尉左右视，尽不能对。虎圈啬夫从旁代尉对上所问禽兽簿甚悉，欲以观其能，口对响应无穷者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Shàng wèn shànglínwèi zhū qínshòu bù, shí yú wèn, wèi zuǒyòu shì, jìn bùnéng duì. Hǔquān sèfū cóng páng dàiwèi duì shàng suǒ wèn qínshòu bù shèn xī, yù yǐ guān qí néng, kǒuduì xiǎngyìng wúqióng zhě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (literary) to exhaust; to use up

   • 九月，諸侯悉師以復伐鄭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     九月，诸侯悉师以复伐郑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jiǔyuè, zhūhóu xī shī yǐ fù fá Zhèng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

5. Used in transcription.

   悉尼  ―  Xīní  ―  Sydney

Compounds

• 備悉 / 备悉
• 功力悉敵 / 功力悉敌
• 奉悉
• 威悉河 (Wēixī Hé)
• 工力悉敵 / 工力悉敌
• 希伯來 / 希伯来 (Xībólái)
• 希爾伯特 / 希尔伯特 (Xī'ěrbótè)
• 希特勒 (Xītèlè)
• 希臘 / 希腊 (Xīlà)
• 弗里德里希 (Fúlǐdélǐxī)
• 得悉 (déxī)
• 悉力 (xīlì)
• 悉尼 (Xīní)
• 悉平
• 悉心 (xīxīn)
• 悉心戮力
• 悉心畢力 / 悉心毕力
• 悉心竭力
• 悉悉
• 悉數 / 悉数
• 悉曇 / 悉昙 (xītán)
• 悉率
• 悉知
• 悉窣
• 悉索敝賦 / 悉索敝赋
• 悉索薄賦 / 悉索薄赋
• 悉達多 / 悉达多 (Xīdáduō)
• 探悉
• 據悉 / 据悉 (jùxī)
• 敬悉
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 洞悉明白
• 洞悉真相
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 獲悉 / 获悉 (huòxī)
• 知悉 (zhīxī)
• 纖悉 / 纤悉
• 纖悉無遺 / 纤悉无遗
• 耶悉茗
• 詞不悉心 / 词不悉心
• 詳悉 / 详悉
• 銖兩悉稱 / 铢两悉称
• 體悉 / 体悉

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (悉):

• → Japanese: 悉(しつ) (shitsu)
• → Korean: 실(悉) (sil)
• → Vietnamese: tất (悉)

References

• “悉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

悉

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. to exhaust; to do exhaustively
2. to know; to learn
3. in detail; diligently
4. all; every; entirely

Readings

• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu)
• Kun: つくす (tsukusu, 悉す)、ことごとく (kotogotoku, 悉く)

Korean

Hanja

悉 • (sil) (hangeul 실, revised sil, McCune–Reischauer sil, Yale sil)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

悉: Hán Việt readings: tất
悉: Nôm readings: dứt, tạt, tắt, rặt, tất

1. chữ Hán form of tất (“all; the whole of”)
2. chữ Nôm form of dứt (“to cease; to end; to come to an end”)
3. chữ Nôm form of rặt (“(colloquial) only; nothing but; purely; entirely”)
4. chữ Nôm form of tắt (“(of fire) to be out; to put out”)