質

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See also: 貭 and 质
質 U+8CEA, 質
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA
← 賩
[U+8CE9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賫 →
[U+8CEB]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

質 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹中月山金 (HLBUC), four-corner 72806, composition ⿱斦貝)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1210, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8CEA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 質
simp. 质
alternative forms 貭
筫
𫎘
𧸲

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (質) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
質 *tids, *tjid
躓 *tids
懫 *tids, *tjid
礩 *tjids, *tjid
櫍 *tjid
劕 *tjid
鑕 *tjid

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲), where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
  • zioh4 - Shantou.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 質
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃz̩⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ²/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sət̚¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃït̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
    Nanning /t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sit̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɛiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡si²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sioʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sit̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 質
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 章 (23)
    Final (韻) 眞 (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 之日切
    Baxter tsyit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ɕiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡ɕit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ɕjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/cit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ɕiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zat1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 質
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsyit ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*t-lit/
    English substance, solid part

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 質
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 17401
    Phonetic
    component         		質
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		質
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tjid/
    Notes 金文本從折聲

    Definitions[edit]

    質

    1. matter; material; substance
    2. nature; intrinsic quality; essence
    3. quality
    4. (Cantonese, literary, or in compounds) to query; to ask about
    5. (literary, or in compounds) simple; plain
    6. Alternative form of 櫍／𬃊 (zhì).
    Synonyms[edit]
    edit
    • (quality):
    Dialectal synonyms of 質量 (“quality (opposite of quantity 數量)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 質, 品
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 品質, 成色, 質量
    Mandarin Beijing 質量, 品質
    Taiwan 品質
    Singapore 品質
    Cantonese Hong Kong 品質
    • (to query):
    edit
    Synonyms of 質
    • (simple):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Note:
    • chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
    • chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.
    Rime
    Character 質
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 脂 (17)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 陟利切
    Baxter trijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈˠiɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈᵚiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶiɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈjiH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶjiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȶiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zi3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 質
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ trijH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[t]<r>ip-s/
    English hostage; gift

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 質
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 17397
    Phonetic
    component         		質
    Rime
    group         		至
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		致
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tids/

    Definitions[edit]

    質

    1. to pawn
    2. collateral; security; object or person given as a pledge
      人質／人质  ―  rénzhì  ―  hostage
    3. Alternative form of 贄／贽 (zhì, “gifts to superiors”).
    4. a surname: Zhi

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    質

    1. (Cantonese) to stuff
    Related terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    質

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. content
    2. characteristic
    3. natural appearance
    4. confirm
    5. mortgage

    Readings[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    質
    しつ
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    質(しつ) • (shitsu) 

    1. quality

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    質
    しち
    Grade: 5
    goon

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    質(しち) • (shichi) 

    1. pawn

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 質 (MC t͡ɕiɪt̚).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    質 (eumhun 바탕 질 (batang jil))

    1. Hanja form? of 질 (“matter”).
    2. Hanja form? of 질 (“nature; disposition”).
    3. Hanja form? of 질 (“quality”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 質 (MC t͡ɕiɪt̚). The original reading is 지 (ji) based on Middle Chinese 質 (MC ʈˠiɪH, “hostage”).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    質 (eumhun 볼모 질 (bolmo jil))

    1. Hanja form? of 질 (“hostage”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 贄 (MC t͡ɕiɪH).

    Hanja[edit]

    質 (eumhun 폐백(幣帛) 지 (pyebaek( 幣帛 ) ji))

    1. Alternative form of 贄 (“Hanja form? of 지 (“gift”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    質: Hán Nôm readings: chất, chát, chắc, chặt, chắt, chớt

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