質問

See also: 质问

Chinese

		hostage; substance; nature hostage; substance; nature; quality	to ask
trad. (質問)		質	問
simp. (质问)		质	问

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhìwèn, zhíwèn

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄨㄣˋ, ㄓˊ ㄨㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zat¹ man⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳt-mun

(Hailu, HRS): zhid mun^ˇ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chit-būn / chit-mn̄g / chit-mūi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhìwèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhwùn
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴-wên⁴
  - Yale: jr̀-wèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhwenn
  - Palladius: чживэнь (čživɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɻ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhíwèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄨㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhwùn
  - Wade–Giles: chih²-wên⁴
  - Yale: jŕ-wèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrwenn
  - Palladius: чживэнь (čživɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɻ̩³⁵ wən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zat¹ man⁶
  - Yale: jāt mahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁷ man⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zed¹ men⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚⁵ mɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt-mun
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziid^ˋ mun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵ mun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚² mun⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhid mun^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃit⁵⁻² mun¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-būn
  - Tâi-lô: tsit-būn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: citbun
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ bun³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ bun⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ bun²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ bun²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-mn̄g
  - Tâi-lô: tsit-mn̄g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: citmng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-mūi
  - Tâi-lô: tsit-muī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: citmui
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²⁻⁵ muĩ²²/

Verb

質問

to question; to interrogate; to call to account

Synonyms

edit

叮問 / 叮问 (dīngwèn) (dialectal)
叱問 / 叱问 (chìwèn)
問 / 问 (wèn) (literary, or in compounds)
斥問 / 斥问 (chìwèn)
盤問 / 盘问 (pánwèn)
詰問 / 诘问 (jiéwèn) (literary)
詰責 / 诘责 (jiézé) (literary)
責問 / 责问 (zéwèn)
追問 / 追问 (zhuīwèn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
質	問
しつ Grade: 5	もん Grade: 3
kan'on	goon

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 質問 (MC tsyit mjunH, literally “quality + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term.

First attested in 1771.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕi̥t͡sɨmõ̞ɴ]
Audio: (file)
(Tokyo) しつもん [shìtsúmóń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]

Noun

質(しつ)問(もん) • (shitsumon)

[from 1771] a question
Synonym: (implies that there is a doubt about something) 疑問 (gimon)

Verb

質(しつ)問(もん)する • (shitsumon suru) suru (stem 質(しつ)問(もん)し (shitsumon shi), past 質(しつ)問(もん)した (shitsumon shita))

[from 1771] to ask a question
Synonyms: 聞く (kiku), 問う (tou), 尋ねる (tazuneru), (humble) 伺う (ukagau)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "質問する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	質問し	しつもんし	shitsumon shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	質問し	しつもんし	shitsumon shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	質問する	しつもんする	shitsumon suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	質問する	しつもんする	shitsumon suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	質問すれ	しつもんすれ	shitsumon sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	質問せよ¹ 質問しろ²	しつもんせよ¹ しつもんしろ²	shitsumon seyo¹ shitsumon shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	質問される	しつもんされる	shitsumon sareru
Causative	質問させる質問さす	しつもんさせるしつもんさす	shitsumon saseru shitsumon sasu
Potential	質問できる	しつもんできる	shitsumon dekiru
Volitional	質問しよう	しつもんしよう	shitsumon shiyō
Negative	質問しない	しつもんしない	shitsumon shinai
Negative continuative	質問せず	しつもんせず	shitsumon sezu
Formal	質問します	しつもんします	shitsumon shimasu
Perfective	質問した	しつもんした	shitsumon shita
Conjunctive	質問して	しつもんして	shitsumon shite
Hypothetical conditional	質問すれば	しつもんすれば	shitsumon sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“質問”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
質	問

Noun

質問 • (jilmun) (hangeul 질문)

hanja form^? of 질문 (“question”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
質	問

Verb

質問

chữ Hán form of chất vấn (“to question”)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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