聞く
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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聞 |
き Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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聴く 訊く |
Etymology[edit]
From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE in its 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”), spelled in phonetic man'yōgana as 岐加受 (kikazu).[1][2] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kiku.
Cognates
In the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 聞きゅい (kikyui), Kunigami 聞ちゅん (hichun, shichun), Miyako 聞きぃ (ksïksï), Northern Amami-Oshima 聞きゅり (kikyuri), Okinawan 聞ちゅん (chichun), Oki-No-Erabu 聞きゅん (kikyun), Southern Amami-Oshima 聞きゅむっ (xikyum), Toku-No-Shima 聞き (kiki), Yaeyama 聞くん (sïkun), Yonaguni 聞ん (kkun), and Yoron 聞きゅん (kikyun).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "聞く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
聞く | きく | [kìkú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 聞け | きけ | [kìké] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 聞かれる | きかれる | [kìkárérú] |
Causative | 聞かせる | きかせる | [kìkásérú] |
Potential | 聞ける | きける | [kìkérú] |
Volitional | 聞こう | きこー | [kìkóꜜò] |
Negative | 聞かない | きかない | [kìkánáí] |
Negative perfective | 聞かなかった | きかなかった | [kìkánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 聞きます | ききます | [kìkímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 聞いた | きいた | [kìítá] |
Conjunctive | 聞いて | きいて | [kìíté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 聞けば | きけば | [kìkéꜜbà] |
Verb[edit]
聞く • (kiku) transitive godan (stem 聞き (kiki), past 聞いた (kiita))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 聞く |
mediopassive | 聞こえる |
- 聞く, 聴く: to hear, to listen
- 聞く: to obey
- 聞く, 訊く: to ask a question
- 聞く: to smell, sniff
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 132)
- Cǒ. カゥ (香) 沈香. Cǒuo taqu. (香を炷く) 芳香を放ち薫るように沈香を焚く. Cǒuo tomuru. (香をとむる) 沈香を薫らせる, または, 着物に薫りをつける. Cǒuo qiqu. (香を聞く) 香炉で焚く沈香や加羅などの香を嗅いで, その香の品質を見る, すなわち, 鑑定する.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 132)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "聞く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 聞か | きか | kika |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 聞き | きき | kiki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 聞かれる | きかれる | kikareru |
Causative | 聞かせる 聞かす |
きかせる きかす |
kikaseru kikasu |
Potential | 聞ける | きける | kikeru |
Volitional | 聞こう | きこう | kikō |
Negative | 聞かない | きかない | kikanai |
Negative continuative | 聞かず | きかず | kikazu |
Formal | 聞きます | ききます | kikimasu |
Perfective | 聞いた | きいた | kiita |
Conjunctive | 聞いて | きいて | kiite |
Hypothetical conditional | 聞けば | きけば | kikeba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 聞か | きか | kika |
Continuative (連用形) | 聞き | きき | kiki |
Terminal (終止形) | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Attributive (連体形) | 聞く | きく | kiku |
Realis (已然形) | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Imperative (命令形) | 聞け | きけ | kike |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 聞かず | きかず | kikazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 聞けど | きけど | kikedo |
Causal conjunction | 聞けば | きけば | kikeba |
Conditional conjunction | 聞かば | きかば | kikaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 聞きき | ききき | kikiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 聞きけり | ききけり | kikikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 聞きつ | ききつ | kikitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 聞きぬ | ききぬ | kikinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 聞けり 聞きたり |
きけり ききたり |
kikeri kikitari |
Volitional | 聞かむ | きかむ | kikamu |
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 聞 read as き
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with quotations
- ja:Hearing