香

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Regular Style CJKV Radical 186 (0).svg
香 U+9999, 香
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999
← 馘
[U+9998] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馚 →
[U+999A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
香-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)

  1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 香

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
香-oracle.svg 香-bronze.svg 香-seal.svg 香-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
香 *qʰaŋ
萫 *qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in mainstream Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiên1 / hion1 / hiang1 / pang1
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang / phang
    • IPA (key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/, /pʰaŋ³³/
Note:
  • hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary;
  • pang1 - semantic (original character is 芳).
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 香
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕiã̠/
    Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
    Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
    Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /hiũ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ²³/
    /hio²³/
    Rime
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiāng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    English fragrance

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13591
    Phonetic
    component         		香
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		香
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    香

    1. fragrant; fragrance
      Antonyms: 臭 (chòu)
    2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
    3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
    4. popular
    5. perfume
    6. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
    7. (figuratively) woman
    8. to kiss
    9. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香
    Mandarin Beijing 香
    Taiwan 香
    Jinan 香
    Xi'an 香
    Wuhan 香
    Chengdu 香
    Yangzhou 香
    Hefei 香
    Cantonese Guangzhou 香
    Hong Kong 香
    Taishan 香
    Yangjiang 香
    Gan Nanchang 香
    Hakka Meixian 香
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 香
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 香
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 香
    Dongshi (Dabu) 香
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 香
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 香
    Jin Taiyuan 香
    Min Bei Jian'ou 香
    Min Dong Fuzhou 香
    Min Nan Xiamen 芳
    Quanzhou 芳
    Zhangzhou 芳
    Taipei 芳
    Philippines (Manila) 芳
    Chaozhou 芳
    Shantou 芳
    Haikou 芳
    Leizhou 芳
    Wu Suzhou 香
    Wenzhou 香
    Xiang Changsha 香
    Shuangfeng 香

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 香

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    香

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    香
    か
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    EB1911 - Volume 01 - Page 001 - 1.svg This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    香 (hiragana か, rōmaji ka)

    1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    香
    きょう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    香 (hiragana きょう, rōmaji kyō, historical hiragana きやう)

    1. Clipping of 香車.

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    香
    こう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

    Wikipedia-logo.png
     香 on Japanese Wikipedia

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    香 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana かう)

    1. incense
      Synonym: 御香 (okō)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    香 (eum 향 (hyang))

    1. Hanja form? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    香: Nôm readings: nhang[2][3][6][4][5][7], hương[1][2][4][7], hang[1], nhàng[1]

    1. Hán tự form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
    2. Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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