香

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Regular Style CJKV Radical 186 (0).svg
香 U+9999, 香
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999
← 馘
[U+9998]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 馚 →
[U+999A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
香-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (radical 186 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)

  1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹ (“fragrant”).

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 香

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 香
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
香-oracle.svg 香-bronze.svg 香-bigseal.svg 香-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
香 *qʰaŋ
萫 *qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in mainstream Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 香
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕiã̠/
Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
Xiangtan /sian³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/hiũ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ²³/
/hio²³/
Rime
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /xiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /xĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiāng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰaŋ/
English fragrance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
No. 13591
Phonetic
component		 香
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 香
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰaŋ/

Definitions[edit]

香

  1. fragrant; fragrance
  2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
  3. (of eating) enjoyable; (of sleep) sound
  4. popular
  5. perfume
  6. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
  7. (figuratively) woman
  8. (Taiwan) to kiss
  9. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香
Mandarin Beijing 香
Taiwan 香
Jinan 香
Xi'an 香
Wuhan 香
Chengdu 香
Yangzhou 香
Hefei 香
Cantonese Guangzhou 香
Hong Kong 香
Taishan 香
Yangjiang 香
Gan Nanchang 香
Hakka Meixian 香
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 香
Liudui (S. Sixian) 香
Hsinchu (Hailu) 香
Dongshi (Dabu) 香
Zhuolan (Raoping) 香
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 香
Jin Taiyuan 香
Min Bei Jian'ou 香
Min Dong Fuzhou 香
Min Nan Xiamen 芳
Quanzhou 芳
Zhangzhou 芳
Taipei 芳
Philippines (Manila) 芳
Chaozhou 芳
Shantou 芳
Wu Suzhou 香
Wenzhou 香
Xiang Changsha 香
Shuangfeng 香

Antonyms[edit]

  • (fragrant, fragrance): 臭 (chòu)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 香

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

香

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Noun[edit]

香 (hiragana きょう, rōmaji kyō)

  1. fragrance
  2. (shogi) lance (abbreviation of 香車)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

香 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune-Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

香 (hương, nhang, hồng)

  1. incense
  2. fragrance
  3. odour
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