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香

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

香 U+9999, 香
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999
← 馘
[U+9998] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馚 →
[U+999A]
⾹ U+2FB9, ⾹
KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT
← ⾸
[U+2FB8] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾺ →
[U+2FBA]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)

  1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived characters

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 𛀠 (hentaigana)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 香
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
香 *qʰaŋ
萫 *qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”). The whole character perhaps indicate that millet was used to produce liquor from fermentation which could be drank and/or sacrificed.

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”). Hence, the most conservative variant is 𪏽.

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾 and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰.

Etymology 1

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trad. 香
simp. # 香
alternative forms 𪏰
𪏽
𥞌
𩡢
麘

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • hieo1/hiunn1 - vernacular;
  • hyorng1/hyoeng1 - literary.
Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in General Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
Note:
  • hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: hio1 / hiang1
      • Sinological IPA: /hiɔ³⁵/, /hiaŋ³⁵/
Note:
  • hio1 - vernacular;
  • hiang1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 香
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕiã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
Xiangtan /sian³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/hiũ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiaŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiaŋ²³/
/hio²³/
Rime
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許良切
Baxter xjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/xiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/xĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ/
English fragrance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
No. 13591
Phonetic
component 		香
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		香
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ/

Definitions

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香

  1. fragrant; fragrance
    Antonym: 臭
  2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
  3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
  4. (Internet slang) wonderful; enjoyable (in general)
  5. popular
  6. perfume
  7. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 支 m c mn; 炷 m c; 根 m; 叢／丛 mn; 束 m; 紮／扎 c)
  8. (figurative) woman
  9. (chiefly Wu) to kiss
  10. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die
  11. (historical) shorthand for Hong Kong during Japanese Occupation between 1941 and 1945
    • 香督 [Cantonese]  ―  hoeng1 duk1 [Jyutping]  ―  Governor of Hong Kong
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 香, 芳, 馨, 馥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 香
Taiwan 香
Harbin 香
Malaysia 香
Singapore 香
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 香
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 香
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 香
Wanrong 香
Xi'an 香
Xining 香
Xuzhou 香
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 香
Ürümqi 香
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 香
Wuhan 香
Guiyang 香
Guilin 香
Liuzhou 香
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 香
Yangzhou 香
Hefei 香
Cantonese Guangzhou 香
Hong Kong 香
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 香
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 香
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 香
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 香
Macau 香
Guangzhou (Panyu) 香
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 香
Guangzhou (Conghua) 香
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 香
Foshan 香
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 香
Foshan (Shunde) 香
Foshan (Sanshui) 香
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 香
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 香
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 香
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 香
Zhuhai (Doumen) 香
Jiangmen (Baisha) 香
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 香
Taishan 香
Kaiping (Chikan) 香
Enping (Niujiang) 香
Heshan (Yayao) 香
Dongguan 香
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 香
Qingyuan 香
Fogang 香
Yingde (Hanguang) 香
Yangshan 香
Lianshan (Butian) 香
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 香
Shaoguan 香
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 香
Renhua 香
Lechang 香
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 香
Sihui 香
Guangning 香
Deqing 香
Huaiji 香
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 香
Yunfu 香
Xinxing 香
Luoding 香
Yunan (Pingtai) 香
Yangjiang 香
Xinyi 香
Lianjiang 香
Nanning 香
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 香
Singapore (Guangfu) 香
Gan Nanchang 香
Lichuan 香
Pingxiang 香
Hakka Meixian 香
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 香
Dongguan (Qingxi) 香
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 香
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 香
Wuhua (Huacheng) 香
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 香
Yudu 香
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 香
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 香
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 香
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 香
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 香
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 香
Hong Kong 香
Senai (Huiyang) 香
Huizhou Jixi 香
Jin Taiyuan 香
Xinzhou 香
Northern Min Jian'ou 香
Songxi 香
Jianyang 香
Eastern Min Fuzhou 香
Gutian 香
Fu'an 香
Zhouning 香
Fuding 香
Singapore (Fuqing) 香
Southern Min Xiamen 芳
Xiamen (Tong'an) 芳
Quanzhou 芳
Jinjiang 芳
Anxi 芳
Yongchun 芳
Zhangzhou 芳
Zhao'an 芳
Dongshan 芳
Taipei (Wanhua) 芳
New Taipei (Tamsui) 芳
New Taipei (Pingxi) 芳
Kaohsiung 芳
Yilan 芳
Changhua (Lukang) 芳
Taichung 芳
Taichung (Wuqi) 芳
Tainan 芳
Taitung 芳
Hsinchu 芳
Penghu (Magong) 芳
Penang (Hokkien) 芳
Singapore (Hokkien) 芳
Manila (Hokkien) 芳
Longyan 芳
Zhangping (Yongfu) 芳
Datian 芳
Pingnan (Shangdu) 香
Chaozhou 芳
Shantou 芳
Shantou (Chenghai) 芳
Shantou (Chaoyang) 芳
Jieyang 芳
Haifeng 芳
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 芳
Singapore (Teochew) 芳
Leizhou 芳
Wenchang 芳
Haikou 芳
Qionghai 芳
Puxian Min Putian 芳
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 芳
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 芳
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 芳
Xianyou 芳
Xianyou (Fengting) 芳
Xianyou (Youyang) 芳
Central Min Yong'an 香
Sanming (Shaxian) 香
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 香
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 香
Wu Shanghai 香
Shanghai (Chongming) 香
Suzhou 香
Danyang 香
Hangzhou 香
Wenzhou 香
Jinhua 香
Xiang Changsha 香
Loudi 香
Shuangfeng 香
Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吻, 親, 親吻
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吻, 親
Taiwan 吻, 親
Singapore 吻, 親
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 親
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 親
Xi'an 親
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 親
Cantonese Guangzhou 惜, 啜, 痛
Hong Kong 惜, 啜, 嘴
Taishan 啜
Dongguan 啜
Singapore (Guangfu) 惜
Hakka Meixian 唚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 唚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 唚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 唚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 唚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 唚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 唚
Jin Taiyuan 親
Xinzhou 親
Northern Min Jian'ou 蜜
Songxi 鼻
Zhenghe 蜜
Jianyang 蜜
Wuyishan 敕
Pucheng (Shibei) 鼻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 唚
Southern Min Xiamen 唚
Xiamen (Tong'an) 唚
Quanzhou 唚
Shishi 唚
Zhangzhou 唚
Tainan 唚
Penang (Hokkien) 唚
Singapore (Hokkien) 唚
Manila (Hokkien) 唚
Chaozhou 唚
Shantou 唚
Singapore (Teochew) 唚
Haikou 惜
Wu Shanghai 香, 親
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 香
Shanghai (Chongming) 香
Suzhou 香
Hangzhou 香
Ningbo 親
Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 死, 亡, 歿, 卒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 死, 撂, 撂條, 故去 †, 吹燈 †, 吹燈拔蠟 †, 吹臺 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui
Taiwan 死, 過世 †
Harbin 死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟
Singapore 死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 §
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤
Wanrong 死, 歿, 老 †, ‡
Xi'an 死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui
Xining 歿
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui
Lanzhou 死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 †
Ürümqi 死, 過世 †, 不在 †
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈
Wuhan 死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮
Guiyang 死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤
Guilin 死
Liuzhou 死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤
Yangzhou 死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 §
Hefei 死, 不在 †, 老 †
Cantonese Guangzhou 死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot, 唔食廣東米
Hong Kong 死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 過身
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 過身
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 過身, 死
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 過身
Macau 過身, 去
Guangzhou (Panyu) 過身, 死
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 死
Guangzhou (Conghua) 過身, 死
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 去歸, 過身
Foshan 過身, 死
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 死, 過身
Foshan (Shunde) 過身
Foshan (Sanshui) 過身
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 死
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 過身
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 死
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 過身, 死
Zhuhai (Doumen) 死, 過身
Jiangmen (Baisha) 過身, 死
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 死, 過身
Taishan 死, 善, 去
Kaiping (Chikan) 死, 登仙
Enping (Niujiang) 過身, 死
Heshan (Yayao) 死
Dongguan 死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 §
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 死, 過身
Yangjiang 死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡
Singapore (Guangfu) 死, 過身 †
Gan Nanchang 死, 過世 †, 老 †
Lichuan 死
Pingxiang 死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去
Hakka Meixian 死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 過身, 香 †
Dongguan (Qingxi) 過身, 死
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 死, 過身
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 死
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 死, 過身
Yudu 死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 死, 消, 過身 †, 往生 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 消
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 死, 過身 †, 上神桌 †, 轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Hong Kong 過身, 老
Huizhou Jixi 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤
Jin Taiyuan 死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡
Xinzhou 死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮
Northern Min Jian'ou 死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 §
Southern Min Xiamen 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
Quanzhou 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
Yongchun 死, 過身 †, 老去 †
Zhangzhou 死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 §
Taipei 死去, 老 †, 過身 †
New Taipei (Sanxia) 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 †
Kaohsiung 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
Yilan 死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 †
Changhua (Lukang) 死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
Taichung 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †
Tainan 死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 去蘇州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去塗州賣鴨卵 †, 轉去蘇州賣鴨卵 †
Hsinchu 曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
Kinmen 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 †
Penghu (Magong) 死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
Singapore (Hokkien) 死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 †
Manila (Hokkien) 死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
Chaozhou 死, 過身 †, 過世 †
Jieyang 過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹
Singapore (Teochew) 死, 過身
Leizhou 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 §
Haikou 死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 §
Singapore (Hainanese) 死
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 死
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西
Wu Shanghai 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 §
Shanghai (Chongming) 死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤
Suzhou 死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 §
Danyang 死
Hangzhou 死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去
Ningbo 死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 †
Wenzhou 死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤
Jinhua 死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡
Xiang Changsha 死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎
Loudi 死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 †
Shuangfeng 死, 過世 †, 故 †
Hengyang 死
Note † - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (香):

Others:

  • → Indonesian: hio (“joss stick, incense”)

Etymology 2

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trad. 香
simp. # 香

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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香

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) Alternative form of 芳 (“fragrant”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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香

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
香
か
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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香(か) • (ka) 

  1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
香
きょう
Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 香 (MC xjang).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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香(きょう) • (kyō) ←きやう (kyau)?

  1. Clipping of 香車 (kyōsha, “incense chariot”).

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
香
こう
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 香 (MC xjang). The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing. Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

 香 on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Noun

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香(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

  1. incense
    Synonym: 御香 (okō)

References

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  1. ^ “香”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

香 (eum 향 (hyang))

  1. hanja form? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
香: Nôm readings: nhang[2][3][6][4][5][7], hương[1][2][4][7], hang[1], nhàng[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
  2. chữ Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).
  3. chữ Hán form of Hương (“a female given name”).
    胡春香 ― Hồ Xuân Hương

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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