香

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Regular Style CJKV Radical 186 (0).svg
香 U+9999, 香
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999
← 馘
[U+9998] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馚 →
[U+999A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
香-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)

  1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 香
alternative forms 麘

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
香-oracle.svg 香-bronze.svg 香-seal.svg 香-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
香 *qʰaŋ
萫 *qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in mainstream Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiên1 / hion1 / hiang1 / pang1
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang / phang
    • Sinological IPA (key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/, /pʰaŋ³³/
Note:
  • hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary;
  • pang1 - semantic (original character is 芳).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 香
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕiã̠/
    Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
    Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
    Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /hiũ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hiaŋ²³/
    /hio²³/
    Rime
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiāng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    English fragrance

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 香
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13591
    Phonetic
    component         		香
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		香
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    香

    1. fragrant; fragrance
      Antonym: 臭 (chòu)
    2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
    3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
    4. popular
    5. perfume
    6. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
    7. (figuratively) woman
    8. to kiss
    9. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香
    Mandarin Beijing 香
    Taiwan 香
    Jinan 香
    Xi'an 香
    Wuhan 香
    Chengdu 香
    Yangzhou 香
    Hefei 香
    Malaysia 香
    Singapore 香
    Cantonese Guangzhou 香
    Hong Kong 香
    Macau 香
    Taishan 香
    Yangjiang 香
    Kuala Lumpur 香
    Singapore 香
    Gan Nanchang 香
    Hakka Meixian 香
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 香
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 香
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 香
    Dongshi (Dabu) 香
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 香
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 香
    Jin Taiyuan 香
    Min Bei Jian'ou 香
    Min Dong Fuzhou 香
    Min Nan Xiamen 芳
    Quanzhou 芳
    Zhangzhou 芳
    Taipei 芳
    Kaohsiung 芳
    Tainan 芳
    Taichung 芳
    Hsinchu 芳
    Lukang 芳
    Sanxia 芳
    Yilan 芳
    Kinmen 芳
    Magong 芳
    Penang (Hokkien) 芳
    Singapore (Hokkien) 芳
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 芳
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 香
    Chaozhou 芳
    Shantou 芳
    Haifeng 芳
    Singapore (Teochew) 芳
    Haikou 芳
    Leizhou 芳
    Wu Suzhou 香
    Wenzhou 香
    Xiang Changsha 香
    Shuangfeng 香

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 香

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    香

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    香
    か
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    香(か) • (ka) 

    1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    香
    きょう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    香(きょう) • (kyō)  (historical kana きやう)

    1. Clipping of 香車.

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    香
    こう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

    Wikipedia-logo.png
     香 on Japanese Wikipedia

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    香(こう) • (kō)  (historical kana かう)

    1. incense
      Synonym: 御香 (okō)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    香 (eum 향 (hyang))

    1. Hanja form? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    香: Nôm readings: nhang[2][3][6][4][5][7], hương[1][2][4][7], hang[1], nhàng[1]

    1. Hán tự form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
    2. Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ^ Hồ (1976).
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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