甘

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甘 U+7518, 甘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7518
← 甗
[U+7517] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甙 →
[U+7519]
⽢ U+2F62, ⽢
KANGXI RADICAL SWEET
← ⽡
[U+2F61] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽣ →
[U+2F63]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 99 甘

甘 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿一 (TM), four-corner 44770, composition ⿻廿一)

  1. Kangxi radical #99, ⽢.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 753, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21643
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2413, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7518

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 甘
alternative forms
𠙿
𠁿
𠮚
𤮺
𠙸
𠙿
𠁿
𠮚
𤮺
𠙸
𭺪
𭺫
㤌
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 甘
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紺 *kɯːms
姏 *mɡaːm
嵌 *sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘 *kaːm
柑 *kaːm
苷 *kaːm
泔 *kaːm
坩 *kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶 *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣 *ɢaːm
甝 *ɢaːm
魽 *ɢaːm
邯 *ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗 *ɡram
箝 *ɡram
黚 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑 *ɡram

Ideogram (指事) – something (perhaps sweet) in an open mouth; the original drawing is 𠁿. Original form of 含. See also 敢, 香, and 音.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klum (“sweet”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thlum, Lepcha [script needed] (khlyam).

Possibly related to 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to keep in mouth”) and 甜 (OC *l'iːm, “sweet”), 柑 (MC kam, “mandarin orange”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kam - literary;
  • kaⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古三切
Baxter kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kam/
Li
Rong 		/kɑm/
Wang
Li 		/kɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kam ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁ[a]m/
English sweet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 甘
Reading # 1/1
No. 3652
Phonetic
component 		甘
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		甘
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːm/

Definitions

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甘

  1. sweet
    甘甜  ―  gāntián  ―  sweet
    甘蔗  ―  gānzhe  ―  sugar cane
  2. pleasant; satisfactory
  3. willingly; readily
    甘心  ―  gānxīn  ―  to be willing to
    甘願／甘愿  ―  gānyuàn  ―  willingly
  4. (Cantonese, ironic) bitter; difficult to bear
    Alternative form: 金 (gam1)
    輸到好甘／输到好甘 [Cantonese]  ―  syu1 dou3 hou2 gam1 [Jyutping]  ―  to lose tremendously
    畀人𨃩鑊甘／畀人𨃩镬甘 [Cantonese]  ―  bei2 jan4 sin3 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    鑊鑊新鮮鑊鑊甘 [Cantonese, trad.]
    镬镬新鲜镬镬甘 [Cantonese, simp.]
    wok6 wok6 san1 sin1 wok6 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. a surname
    甘寧／甘宁  ―  Gān Níng  ―  Gan Ning (military general serving under Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
  6. Short for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).
    Synonym: 隴／陇 (lǒng)

Synonyms

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  • (sweet):
Dialectal synonyms of 甜 (“sweet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甘, 甜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 甜
Northeastern Mandarin Chengde 甜
Chifeng 甜
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 甜
Heihe 甜
Qiqihar 甜
Harbin 甜
Jiamusi 甜
Baicheng 甜
Changchun 甜
Tonghua 甜
Shenyang 甜
Jinzhou 甜
Singapore 甜
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 甜
Tangshan 甜
Cangzhou 甜
Baoding 甜
Shijiazhuang 甜
Lijin 甜
Jinan 甜
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 甜
Dandong 甜
Yantai 甜
Yantai (Muping) 甜
Qingdao 甜
Zhucheng 甜
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 甜
Lingbao 甜
Jining 甜
Wanrong 甜
Linfen 甜
Shangqiu 甜
Yuanyang 甜
Zhengzhou 甜
Xinyang 甜
Baihe 甜
Xi'an 甜
Baoji 甜
Tianshui 甜
Xining 甜
Xuzhou 甜
Fuyang 甜
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 甜
Lanzhou 甜
Dunhuang 甜
Hami 甜
Ürümqi 甜
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 甜
Nanchong 甜
Dazhou 甜
Hanyuan 甜
Xichang 甜
Zigong 甜
Chongqing 甜
Wuhan 甜
Yichang 甜
Xiangyang 甜
Tianmen 甜
Guiyang 甜
Zunyi 甜
Bijie 甜
Liping 甜
Zhaotong 甜
Dali 甜
Kunming 甜
Mengzi 甜
Guilin 甜
Liuzhou 甜
Jishou 甜
Changde 甜
Hanzhong 甜
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 甜
Yangzhou 甜
Lianyungang 甜
Lianshui 甜
Nantong 甜
Anqing 甜
Wuhu 甜
Hefei 甜
Hong'an 甜
Cantonese Guangzhou 甜
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 甜
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 甜
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 甜
Dongguan 甜
Singapore (Guangfu) 甜
Gan Nanchang 甜
Lichuan 甜
Pingxiang 甜
Hakka Meixian 甜
Yudu 甜
Hong Kong 甜
Huizhou Jixi 甜
Shexian 甜
Jin Taiyuan 甜
Yangyuan 甜
Datong 甜
Xinzhou 甜
Lüliang (Lishi) 甜
Changzhi 甜
Linhe 甜
Jining 甜
Hohhot 甜
Erenhot 甜
Pingshan 甜
Zhangjiakou 甜
Handan 甜
Linzhou 甜
Suide 甜
Northern Min Jian'ou 甜
Eastern Min Fuzhou 甜
Southern Min Xiamen 甜
Tainan 甜
Singapore (Hokkien) 甜
Manila (Hokkien) 甜
Chaozhou 甜
Singapore (Teochew) 甜
Leizhou 甜
Haikou 甜
Singapore (Hainanese) 甜
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 甜
Wu Shanghai 甜
Shanghai (Chongming) 甜
Suzhou 甜
Danyang 甜
Hangzhou 甜
Ningbo 甜
Wenzhou 甜
Jinhua 甜
Xiang Changsha 甜
Xiangxiang 甜
Loudi 甜
Shuangfeng 甜

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “sweet”): 苦 (kǔ)

Compounds

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References

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  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “甘”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 194.

Japanese

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Kanji

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甘

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. sweet

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
甘
かん
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 甘 (MC kam).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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甘(かん) • (kan) 

  1. delicious
  2. sweet-tasting; sweet
  3. pleasant; pleased; content

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Korean

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Hanja

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甘 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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甘: Hán Nôm readings: cam

  1. chữ Hán form of cam (“sweetness; to be content with; to pledge”).

Compounds

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