甘

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甘 U+7518, 甘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7518
← 甗
[U+7517] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甙 →
[U+7519]
⽢ U+2F62, ⽢
KANGXI RADICAL SWEET
← ⽡
[U+2F61] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽣ →
[U+2F63]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 99 甘

甘 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿一 (TM), four-corner 44770, composition ⿻廿一)

  1. Kangxi radical #99, ⽢.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 753, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21643
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2413, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7518

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 甘
alternative forms 𠙿
𤮺
𠙸
𭺪
𭺫

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 甘
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紺 *kɯːms
姏 *mɡaːm
嵌 *sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘 *kaːm
柑 *kaːm
苷 *kaːm
泔 *kaːm
坩 *kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶 *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣 *ɢaːm
甝 *ɢaːm
魽 *ɢaːm
邯 *ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗 *ɡram
箝 *ɡram
黚 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑 *ɡram
semantic 口 (“mouth”) + semantic 一 something in the mouth, sweet

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klum (“sweet”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thlum, Lepcha [script needed] (khlyam).

Possibly related to 甜 (OC *l'iːm, “sweet”) and 柑 (OC *kaːm, “mandarin orange”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kam - literary;
  • kaⁿ - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 甘
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 談 (143)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古三切
    Baxter kam
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑm/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑm/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kam/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑm/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kɑm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gam1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 甘
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kam ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁ[a]m/
    English sweet

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 甘
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3652
    Phonetic
    component         		甘
    Rime
    group         		談
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		甘
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kaːm/

    Definitions[edit]

    甘

    1. sweet
      甘甜  ―  gāntián  ―  sweet
      甘蔗  ―  gānzhe  ―  sugar cane
    2. pleasant; satisfactory
    3. willingly; readily
      甘心  ―  gānxīn  ―  to be willing to
      甘願／甘愿  ―  gānyuàn  ―  willingly
    4. (Cantonese) bitter; difficult to bear (often used together with the classifier 鑊／镬 (wok6))
      畀人𨃩鑊甘／畀人𨃩镬甘 [Cantonese]  ―  bei2 jan4 sin3 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]  ―  (figurative) to be completely fooled
      呢鑊甘／呢镬甘 [Cantonese]  ―  nei1 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]  ―  It's troublesome this time
      鑊鑊新鮮鑊鑊甘 [Cantonese, trad.]
      镬镬新鲜镬镬甘 [Cantonese, simp.]
      wok6 wok6 san1 sin1 wok6 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]
      making trouble every time
    5. a surname
      甘為霖／甘为霖 [Hokkien]  ―  Kam Ûi-lîm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  William Campbell / Kam Ûi-lîm (a Scottish Presbyterian missionary to Taiwan)
      甘寧／甘宁  ―  Gān Níng  ―  Gan Ning (military general serving under Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
    6. Short for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).
      Synonym: 隴／陇 (lǒng)

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (sweet):
    Dialectal synonyms of 甜 (“sweet”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 甘, 甜
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 甜
    Mandarin Tianjin 甜
    Chengde 甜
    Tangshan 甜
    Cangzhou 甜
    Baoding 甜
    Shijiazhuang 甜
    Chifeng 甜
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 甜
    Heihe 甜
    Qiqihar 甜
    Harbin 甜
    Jiamusi 甜
    Baicheng 甜
    Changchun 甜
    Tonghua 甜
    Shenyang 甜
    Dandong 甜
    Jinzhou 甜
    Dalian 甜
    Yantai 甜
    Yantai (Muping) 甜
    Qingdao 甜
    Lijin 甜
    Zhucheng 甜
    Jinan 甜
    Jining 甜
    Luoyang 甜
    Wanrong 甜
    Shangqiu 甜
    Yuanyang 甜
    Zhengzhou 甜
    Lingbao 甜
    Xinyang 甜
    Baihe 甜
    Hanzhong 甜
    Xi'an 甜
    Baoji 甜
    Yinchuan 甜
    Tianshui 甜
    Lanzhou 甜
    Dunhuang 甜
    Xining 甜
    Hami 甜
    Ürümqi 甜
    Wuhan 甜
    Yichang 甜
    Xiangyang 甜
    Tianmen 甜
    Hong'an 甜
    Chengdu 甜
    Nanchong 甜
    Dazhou 甜
    Hanyuan 甜
    Xichang 甜
    Zigong 甜
    Chongqing 甜
    Guiyang 甜
    Zunyi 甜
    Bijie 甜
    Liping 甜
    Zhaotong 甜
    Dali 甜
    Kunming 甜
    Mengzi 甜
    Guilin 甜
    Liuzhou 甜
    Jishou 甜
    Changde 甜
    Anqing 甜
    Xuzhou 甜
    Fuyang 甜
    Wuhu 甜
    Yangzhou 甜
    Lianyungang 甜
    Lianshui 甜
    Nanjing 甜
    Hefei 甜
    Nantong 甜
    Cantonese Guangzhou 甜
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 甜
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 甜
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 甜
    Dongguan 甜
    Gan Nanchang 甜
    Lichuan 甜
    Pingxiang 甜
    Hakka Meixian 甜
    Yudu 甜
    Hong Kong 甜
    Huizhou Jixi 甜
    Shexian 甜
    Jin Taiyuan 甜
    Yangyuan 甜
    Datong 甜
    Xinzhou 甜
    Lishi 甜
    Linfen 甜
    Changzhi 甜
    Linhe 甜
    Jining 甜
    Hohhot 甜
    Erenhot 甜
    Pingshan 甜
    Zhangjiakou 甜
    Handan 甜
    Linzhou 甜
    Suide 甜
    Min Bei Jian'ou 甜
    Min Dong Fuzhou 甜
    Min Nan Xiamen 甜
    Tainan 甜
    Manila (Hokkien) 甜
    Chaozhou 甜
    Leizhou 甜
    Haikou 甜
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 甜
    Wu Shanghai 甜
    Shanghai (Chongming) 甜
    Suzhou 甜
    Danyang 甜
    Hangzhou 甜
    Ningbo 甜
    Wenzhou 甜
    Jinhua 甜
    Xiang Changsha 甜
    Xiangxiang 甜
    Loudi 甜
    Shuangfeng 甜

    Antonyms[edit]

    • (sweet): 苦 (kǔ)

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    甘

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. sweet

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    甘
    かん
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 甘 (MC kam).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    甘(かん) • (kan) 

    1. delicious
    2. sweet-tasting; sweet
    3. pleasant; pleased; content

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    甘 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    甘: Hán Nôm readings: cam

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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