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甘い

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
あま
Grade: S
kun'yomi

 From Early Middle Japanese adjective (あま) (amashi), with the (しゅう)()(けい) (shūshikei, predicative form) ending in (shi) first replaced with the (れん)(たい)(けい) (rentaikei, attributive form) ending in (ki), and then with the medial /-k-/ falling out to result in an ending of (i). First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *ama.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 甘い
Plain 甘い まい [àmáí]
Conjunctive 甘くて くて [àmáꜜkùtè]
Continuative 甘く まく [àmákú]
Negative 甘くない まくな [àmákú náꜜì]
Past 甘かった かった [àmáꜜkàttà]
Negative past 甘くなかった まくなかった [àmákú náꜜkàttà]
Conditional 甘ければ ければ [àmáꜜkèrèbà]
Terminal 甘い まい
[àmáí]
[àmáꜜì]
Formal 甘いです いです [àmáꜜì dèsù]

Adjective

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(あま) (amai-i (adverbial (あま) (amaku))

  1. [from 720] sweet, sugary, mellow
    Antonyms: 辛い (karai), 苦い (nigai), 酸っぱい (suppai)
    (あま)ケーキamai kēkisweet cake
  2. [from early 1000s] lacking saltiness
    Antonym: 塩っぱい (shoppai)
  3. [from 1600] indulgent, soft
    (じょ)()(あま)joshi ni amaisoft on girls
  4. [from 1477] careless, lacking, lax
    (つく)(あま)tsukuri ga amaithe construction is careless → flimsy, slapdash, slipshod
    (かん)()(あま)kanri ga amaithe management is lax → poorly managed
  5. [from 850] (figurative) fragrant (of odor), melodious (of sound)
    ゆりは(あま)(かお)りがする。Yuri wa amai kaori ga suru.Lilies have a fragrant smell.

Inflection
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Inflection of 甘い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 甘かろ あまかろ amakaro
Continuative (連用形) 甘く あまく amaku
Terminal (終止形) 甘い あまい amai
Attributive (連体形) 甘い あまい amai
Hypothetical (仮定形) 甘けれ あまけれ amakere
Imperative (命令形) 甘かれ あまかれ amakare
Key constructions
Informal negative 甘くない あまくない amaku nai
Informal past 甘かった あまかった amakatta
Informal negative past 甘くなかった あまくなかった amaku nakatta
Formal 甘いです あまいです amai desu
Formal negative 甘くないです あまくないです amaku nai desu
Formal past 甘かったです あまかったです amakatta desu
Formal negative past 甘くなかったです あまくなかったです amaku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 甘くて あまくて amakute
Conditional 甘ければ あまければ amakereba
Provisional 甘かったら あまかったら amakattara
Volitional 甘かろう あまかろう amakarō
Adverbial 甘く あまく amaku
Degree 甘さ あまさ amasa
Derived terms
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See also
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Basic tastes in Japanese · 味覚(みかく) (mikaku) (layout · text)
sweet sour salty bitter spicy savory
(あま) (amai) ()っぱい (suppai) (しょ)っぱい (shoppai) (にが​) (niga​i) (から​) (kara​i) 旨味(うまみ) (umami)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
うま
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 甘い – see the following entry.
うまい
[adjective] 美味い, 旨い, 甘い, 甘美い, 味い, 美い: delicious, tasty
Alternative spellings
美味い, 旨い, 甘美い, 味い, 美い
(This term, 甘い, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN