甘い
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 甘 |
| あま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Early Middle Japanese adjective 甘し (amashi), with the 終止形 (shūshikei, “predicative form”) ending in し (shi) first replaced with the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ending in き (ki), and then with the medial /-k-/ falling out to result in an ending of い (i). First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *ama.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 甘い
| Plain | 甘い | あまい | [àmáí] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 甘くて | あまくて | [àmáꜜkùtè] |
| Continuative | 甘く | あまく | [àmákú] |
| Negative | 甘くない | あまくない | [àmákú náꜜì] |
| Past | 甘かった | あまかった | [àmáꜜkàttà] |
| Negative past | 甘くなかった | あまくなかった | [àmákú náꜜkàttà] |
| Conditional | 甘ければ | あまければ | [àmáꜜkèrèbà] |
| Terminal | 甘い | あまい あまい |
[àmáí] [àmáꜜì] |
| Formal | 甘いです | あまいです | [àmáꜜì dèsù] |
Adjective
[edit]甘い • (amai) -i (adverbial 甘く (amaku))
- [from 720] sweet, sugary, mellow
- [from early 1000s] lacking saltiness
- Antonym: 塩っぱい (shoppai)
- [from 1600] indulgent, soft
- 女子に甘い ― joshi ni amai ― soft on girls
- [from 1477] careless, lacking, lax
- [from 850] (figurative) fragrant (of odor), melodious (of sound)
- ゆりは甘い香りがする。 ― Yuri wa amai kaori ga suru. ― Lilies have a fragrant smell.
Inflection
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 甘かろ | あまかろ | amakaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 甘く | あまく | amaku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 甘い | あまい | amai |
| Attributive (連体形) | 甘い | あまい | amai |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 甘けれ | あまけれ | amakere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 甘かれ | あまかれ | amakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 甘くない | あまくない | amaku nai |
| Informal past | 甘かった | あまかった | amakatta |
| Informal negative past | 甘くなかった | あまくなかった | amaku nakatta |
| Formal | 甘いです | あまいです | amai desu |
| Formal negative | 甘くないです | あまくないです | amaku nai desu |
| Formal past | 甘かったです | あまかったです | amakatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 甘くなかったです | あまくなかったです | amaku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 甘くて | あまくて | amakute |
| Conditional | 甘ければ | あまければ | amakereba |
| Provisional | 甘かったら | あまかったら | amakattara |
| Volitional | 甘かろう | あまかろう | amakarō |
| Adverbial | 甘く | あまく | amaku |
| Degree | 甘さ | あまさ | amasa |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]| Basic tastes in Japanese · 味覚 (mikaku) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 甘い (amai) | 酸っぱい (suppai) | 塩っぱい (shoppai) | 苦い (nigai) | 辛い (karai) | 旨味 (umami) |
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 甘 |
| うま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 甘い – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 甘い, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- ^ “甘”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “甘い”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 甘 read as あま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 甘 read as うま
- Japanese heteronyms
- ja:Taste