香る
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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香 |
かお Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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薫る 馨る (rare) |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] No Ryukyuan cognates exist.
Given the Old Japanese spelling kaworu, this can be analyzable as a compound of Old Japanese elements 香 (ka, “fragrance”) + 居る (oru ← woru, “to have, to exist”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]香る • (kaoru) ←かをる (kaworu)?intransitive godan (stem 香り (kaori), past 香った (kaotta))
- [from 720] have a fragrance or pleasant scent, be fragrant
- [from c. 898-901] to smell good
- [from c. 898-901] to be beautiful of the face (especially the eyes)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "香る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 香ら | かおら | kaora |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 香り | かおり | kaori |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 香る | かおる | kaoru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 香る | かおる | kaoru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 香れ | かおれ | kaore |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 香れ | かおれ | kaore |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 香られる | かおられる | kaorareru |
Causative | 香らせる 香らす |
かおらせる かおらす |
kaoraseru kaorasu |
Potential | 香れる | かおれる | kaoreru |
Volitional | 香ろう | かおろう | kaorō |
Negative | 香らない | かおらない | kaoranai |
Negative continuative | 香らず | かおらず | kaorazu |
Formal | 香ります | かおります | kaorimasu |
Perfective | 香った | かおった | kaotta |
Conjunctive | 香って | かおって | kaotte |
Hypothetical conditional | 香れば | かおれば | kaoreba |
Stem forms | |||
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Irrealis (未然形) | 香ら | かをら | kawora |
Continuative (連用形) | 香り | かをり | kawori |
Terminal (終止形) | 香る | かをる | kaworu |
Attributive (連体形) | 香る | かをる | kaworu |
Realis (已然形) | 香れ | かをれ | kawore |
Imperative (命令形) | 香れ | かをれ | kawore |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 香らず | かをらず | kaworazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 香れど | かをれど | kaworedo |
Causal conjunction | 香れば | かをれば | kaworeba |
Conditional conjunction | 香らば | かをらば | kaworaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 香りき | かをりき | kaworiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 香りけり | かをりけり | kaworikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 香りつ | かをりつ | kaworitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 香りぬ | かをりぬ | kaworinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 香れり 香りたり |
かをれり かをりたり |
kaworeri kaworitari |
Volitional | 香らむ | かをらむ | kaworamu |
References
[edit]- ^ “薫・香”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 香 read as かお
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with を
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- ja:Smell