死

Translingual

Han character

死 (radical 78 歹+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP), four-corner 1021₂, composition ⿸歹匕 or ⿱一⿰夕匕)

1. die
2. dead
3. death

References

• KangXi: page 578, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16365
• Dae Jaweon: page 970, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1380, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6B7B

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Cantonese

Hanzi

死 (Yale sei2)

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Japanese

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

死

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. death
2. to die

Readings

• Goon: し (shi)
• Kan’on: し (shi)
• Kun: し.ぬ (死ぬ, shi.nu), ころ.す (死す, koro.su) (non-Jōyō reading)

Etymology 1

Appears to be a conflation of Middle Chinese 死 (sijX) (compare modern Mandarin 死 (sǐ)) with an Old Japanese root that happened to have a similar pronunciation to the Middle Chinese and was probably cognate with 去る (saru, “to go, to go away”).

In kanji compounds, this would be considered as on'yomi; on its own, this could be considered as either on'yomi or kun'yomi.

Pronunciation

• し​ (Odaka)
• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Noun

死 (hiragana し, romaji shi)

1. death

Derived terms

Derived terms

Kun'yomi: 死ぬ (しぬ, ​shinu): to die On'yomi: 死因 (しいん, ​shiin): cause of death 死王 (しおう, ​shiō): a dead king 死王 (しおう, ​Shiō): the Buddhist king of the dead 死火 (しか, ​shika): a dead flame, a fire that has gone out; (Buddhism) the flame of death 死火山 (しかざん, ​shikazan): an extinct volcano 死花 (しか, ​shika): paper flowers used for a funeral 死花花 (しかばな, ​shikabana): a decoration used at funerals consisting of white paper fringes on vertical stakes 死貨 (しか, ​shika): a currency that is no longer circulated; any asset that is hoarded and not circulated 死海 (しかい, ​Shikai): the Dead Sea 死灰 (しかい, ​shikai): cold, dead ashes; the ashes remaining after cremation 死界 (しかい, ​shikai): the underworld, the world of the dead; a blind spot, somewhere out of view 死骸 (しがい, ​shigai): a corpse, a cadaver; a carcass 死角 (しかく, ​shikaku): a blind spot, somewhere out of view; dead ground where launched projectiles do not fall 死学 (しがく, ​shigaku): a field of study that has no practical use 死活 (しかつ, ​shikatsu): life and death 死勘定 (しかんじょう, ​shi kanjō): a dead account, a trading account that has no activity 死期 (しき, ​shiki; しご, ​shigo): the time of death, the moment of one's death 死球 (しきゅう, ​shikyū): in baseball, a pitch that hits the batter, resulting in a free walk 死去 (しきょ, ​shikyo): one's death, one's passing 死境 (しきょう, ​shikyō): one's place of death; a deadly place 死菌 (しきん, ​shikin): a dead bacterium or inactive virus used as the basis for a vaccine 死句 (しく, ​shiku): a plain phrase or line in a poem, containing no implied meanings; (Buddhism) an ascetic's unsaid words or phrases, due to mental mistakes 死苦 (しく, ​shiku): (Buddhism) the sufferings of death 死刑 (しけい, ​shikei): capital punishment, the death penalty, execution 死結 (しけつ, ​shiketsu): a kind of fragrant wood used in incense that is only fragrant years after harvesting 死後 (しご, ​shigo): the time after one's death 死語 (しご, ​shigo): a dead language 死罪 (しざい, ​shizai): a capital crime, a capital punishment 死屍 (しし, ​shishi): a dead body, a corpse 死守: 不死: 不老不死: 死所: 死生: 死相: 死蔵: 死地: 死闘: 死人 (しにん, ​shinin): a dead person; a corpse 死者 (ししゃ, ​shisha): the dead 死体 (したい, ​shitai): a cadaver 死物: 死文: 死別: 死没: 死命: 死霊: 死力: 死去: 死刑: 死傷: 死亡: 死滅: 死の神:

Verb

死 + する (hiragana しする, romaji shi suru)

1. to die

   Considered somewhat more archaic or formal than 死ぬ (​shinu).

Conjugation

Conjugation of "死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	死し	しし	shi shi
Continuative (連用形)	死し	しし	shi shi
Terminal (終止形)	死する	しする	shi suru
Attributive (連体形)	死する	しする	shi suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	死すれ	しすれ	shi sure
Imperative (命令形)	死せよ¹ 死しろ²	しせよ¹ ししろ²	shi seyo¹ shi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	死される	しされる	shi sareru
Causative	死させる 死さす	しさせる しさす	shi saseru shi sasu
Potential	死できる	しできる	shi dekiru
Volitional	死しよう	ししよう	shi shiyō
Negative	死しない	ししない	shi shinai
Negative continuative	死せず	しせず	shi sezu
Formal	死します	しします	shi shimasu
Perfective	死した	しした	shi shita
Conjunctive	死して	しして	shi shite
Hypothetical conditional	死すれば	しすれば	shi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu, “to die”).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• しに (Heiban)
• IPA^(key): [ɕini]

Noun

死 (hiragana しに, romaji shini)

1. death, dying

Derived terms

Derived terms

死後 (しにあと, ​shiniato): the time after one's death, particularly referring to the time after the death of one's spouse 死一倍 (しにいちば, ​shini ichibai): a kind of loan whereby the borrower must repay double the loan amount upon the death of the borrower's parents and subsequent inheritance of parental assets 死軍 (しにいくさ, ​shini ikusa): a fight to the death 死絵 (しにえ, ​shinie): a print or poster of a famous actor created on the occasion of that actor's death, noting the actor's posthumous name, place of burial, and time of death 死顔 (しにがお, ​shinigao): the face or facial expression of a dead person 死覚悟 (しにかくご, ​shinikakugo): being prepared to die, readiness to die 死学問 (しにがくもん, ​shinigakumon): a field of study that has no practical use 死掛 (しにかけ, ​shinikake): dying, the act of dying 死金 (しにがね, ​shinigane): money saved in reserve to cover the costs of one's own death; money that is hoarded but not used; money spent to no effect, wasted money 死神 (しにがみ, ​shinigami): the god of death, Death 死極 (しにぎわめ, ​shinigiwame): determination or resolution to die 死狂 (しにぐるい, ​shinigurui): crazy enough to die; crazy because one is unready to die and fears death 死気 (しにげ, ​shinige): a sense of death, deathliness 死業 (しにごう, ​shinigō): the karma of one's previous life that causes one's death in this life; a death attributed to karma 死外 (しにはずれ, ​shinihazure): the act of just barely avoiding death 死花 (しにばな, ​shinibana): posthumous fame or honor; an exceptional and memorable way of dying

Prefix

死 (hiragana しに, romaji shini)

1. bloody, stupid, goddamn

   Used as a negative or pejorative intensifier.

Derived terms

Derived terms

死戯 (しにたわけ, ​shinitawake): bloody foolishness, goddamn messing around

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Korean

Hanja

死 (hangeul 사 (sa), revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. die
2. death

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Mandarin

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Hanzi

死 (Pinyin sǐ (si3), Wade-Giles ssu³)

Compounds

• 死活
• 死结
• 死劲儿
• 死理, 死理儿
• 死力
• 死灭
• 死人
• 死伤
• 死神
• 死尸
• 死亡
• 死刑
• 死硬
• 死于非命
• 死战
• 死角

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Vietnamese

Han character

死 (tử, long)

Compounds

• tử vong [死亡]
• tự tử [自死]