virus
English[edit]

Etymology[edit]
From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)
- A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:virus
- 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 64)
- Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
- Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
- (uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents
- 2006, Borlaug, Norman E.; Cunningham, Anthony; Guyer, Jane I.; Herren, Hans R.; Juma, Calestous, chapter 1, in Lost Crops of Africa: Volume 2: Vegetables (U.S. National Research Council Consensus Study Report)[2] (non-fiction), Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, DOI: , →ISBN, LCCN 93-86876, OCLC 780870457, OL 9863526M, archived from the original on 2021-09-02, page xviii:
- Unless professionally inspected, they [plants] may also carry along unseen pests and diseases (particularly small insects and microbes such as virus or bacteria) whose populations might explode catastrophically in new locations.
- (informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
- He's got a virus and had to stay home from school.
- (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
- 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, The Slum:
- Brazil, that inferno where every budding flower and every buzzing bluebottle fly bears a lascivious virus.
- (computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
- (computing, proscribed) Any type of malware.
- (figuratively) Any malicious or dangerous entity that spreads from one place or person to another.
- 2011, Pat Mesiti, The $1 Million Reason to Change Your Mind
- I am tired of the mind viruses that are crippling people living in the western world — especially in my own nation. Sadly, Australia is becoming known as a nation of whingers.
- 2011, Pat Mesiti, The $1 Million Reason to Change Your Mind
Hypernyms[edit]
- (computing): malware
Hyponyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Amharic: ቫይረስ (vayräs)
- Bengali: ভাইরাস (bhairaś)
- Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (buing:rapc)
- Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް (vairas)
- Hindi: वायरस (vāyras)
- Japanese: バイラス (bairasu)
- Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
- Korean: 바이러스 (baireoseu)
- Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat)
- Malay: virus
- Malayalam: വൈറസ് (vaiṟasŭ)
- Maltese: vajrus
- Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
- Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
- Thai: ไวรัส (wai-rát)
- Urdu: وائرس
Translations[edit]
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Verb[edit]
virus (third-person singular simple present viruses, present participle virusing, simple past and past participle virused)
- (nonstandard) To send or infect an electronic device with a computer virus.
- I'm just going to virus anyone who tries cheating on this game.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
Plural of virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Computer virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Virus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
Asturian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (plural virus)
Azerbaijani[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus (definite accusative virusnu, plural viruslar)
Declension[edit]
Declension of virus | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | virus |
viruslar | ||||||
definite accusative | virusu |
virusları | ||||||
dative | virusa |
viruslara | ||||||
locative | virusda |
viruslarda | ||||||
ablative | virusdan |
viruslardan | ||||||
definite genitive | virusun |
virusların |
Further reading[edit]
- “virus” in Obastan.com.
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (plural virus)
Related terms[edit]
Cornish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (plural virusys)
References[edit]
- Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
- 2018, Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (2018 edition, p.190)
Czech[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m inan
- (virology) virus (a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)
- (computing) virus (a type of computer malware)
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- virus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- virus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- virus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vīrus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)
- (microbiology) virus
- (computer science) virus (computer virus)
Usage notes[edit]
Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Finnish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ˈʋirus/, [ˈʋirus̠]
- IPA(key): /ˈʋiːrus/, [ˈʋiːrus̠] (proscribed)
- Rhymes: -irus
- Syllabification(key): vi‧rus
Noun[edit]
virus
- virus
- (computer security) virus (computer virus)
Declension[edit]
Inflection of virus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | virus | virukset | |
genitive | viruksen | virusten viruksien | |
partitive | virusta | viruksia | |
illative | virukseen | viruksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | virus | virukset | |
accusative | nom. | virus | virukset |
gen. | viruksen | ||
genitive | viruksen | virusten viruksien | |
partitive | virusta | viruksia | |
inessive | viruksessa | viruksissa | |
elative | viruksesta | viruksista | |
illative | virukseen | viruksiin | |
adessive | viruksella | viruksilla | |
ablative | virukselta | viruksilta | |
allative | virukselle | viruksille | |
essive | viruksena | viruksina | |
translative | virukseksi | viruksiksi | |
instructive | — | viruksin | |
abessive | viruksetta | viruksitta | |
comitative | — | viruksineen |
Possessive forms of virus (type vastaus) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | virukseni | viruksemme |
2nd person | viruksesi | viruksenne |
3rd person | viruksensa |
Anagrams[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (plural virus)
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “virus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”).
Noun[edit]
virus m (plural virus)
Indonesian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
- The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus (plural virus-virus, first-person possessive virusku, second-person possessive virusmu, third-person possessive virusnya)
- virus:
- (biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
- (computing) computer virus: A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.
Further reading[edit]
- “virus” in Online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language [Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring], Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus (plural viruses)
Related terms[edit]
Italian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (invariable)
Further reading[edit]
- virus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Ladino[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (Latin spelling)
- virus
- 2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom[3]:
- El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.
- Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (viṣá), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), from an older form ϝισός : wisós; Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is possibly a relic of this term's inheritance from a neuter s-stem.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
vīrus n sg (genitive vīrī); second declension
- A stinking, or rammish smell.
- The seed or nature in animals.
- A nasty taste.
- Poison, venom.
- Bitterness, sharpness.
- A strong smell of spices or perfumes.[2]
- slimy liquid, slime
- (New Latin) virus (infectious organism)
Declension[edit]
Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.
Case | Singular |
---|---|
Nominative | vīrus |
Genitive | vīrī |
Dative | vīrō |
Accusative | vīrus |
Ablative | vīrō |
Vocative | vīrus |
- There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular vīrūs.
- When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd. declension (i.e., vīra, vīrōrum, vīrīs, vīra, vīrīs, vīra):[3]
Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | vīrus | vīra |
Genitive | vīrī | vīrōrum |
Dative | vīrō | vīrīs |
Accusative | vīrus | vīra |
Ablative | vīrō | vīrīs |
Vocative | vīrus | vīra |
Synonyms[edit]
- (poison): venēnum
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
All borrowings.
- Albanian: virus m
- Arabic: فَيْرُوس m (fayrūs)
- Hijazi Arabic: ڤَيْرُوس m (vayrūs)
- Armenian: վիրուս (virus)
- Asturian: virus m
- Belarusian: ві́рус m (vírus)
- Catalan: virus m
- Czech: virus m
- Danish: virus c or n
- Dutch: virus n
- English: virus
- Esperanto: viruso
- Estonian: viirus
- French: virus m
- Finnish: virus
- Galician: virus m
- Georgian: ვირუსი (virusi)
- German: Virus n or m
- Hungarian: vírus
- Ido: viruso
- Italian: virus m
- Japanese: ウイルス (uirusu), ウィルス (wirusu), ビールス (bīrusu)
- Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)
- Khmer: វីរុស (viiruh)
- Latvian: vīruss m
- Macedonian: вирус m (virus)
- Maltese: vajrus m
- Norwegian Bokmål: virus n
- Pashto: ويروس m
- Persian: ویروس
- Piedmontese: vìros, vìrus m
- Polish: wirus m anim
- Portuguese: vírus m
- Romanian: virus n
- Russian: ви́рус m anim or m inan (vírus)
- Serbo-Croatian: ви́рус m (vírus)
- Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)
- Spanish: virus m
- Swahili: virusi
- Swedish: virus n
- Tagalog: birus
- Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)
- Turkish: virüs
- Ukrainian: ві́рус m (vírus)
- Vietnamese: vi-rút
- Volapük: virud
- Yiddish: ווירוס m (virus)
References[edit]
- "virus", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "virus". in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- virus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- "virus", in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vīrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 682-683
- ^ Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary revised 1847 by A. Jamieson, [1]
- ^ William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary, ed. 3a (David & Charles, 1983): "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)."
Anagrams[edit]
Malay[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.
Noun[edit]
virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)
- virus:
- (biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
Northern Sami[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus
Inflection[edit]
Odd, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | virus | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | virusa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | virus | virusat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | virusa | virusiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | virusa | virusiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | virusii | virusiidda | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | virusis | virusiin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | virusiin | virusiiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | virusin | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)
References[edit]
- “virus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)
References[edit]
- “virus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French virus, Latin vīrus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus n (plural virusuri)
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) virus | virusul | (niște) virusuri | virusurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) virus | virusului | (unor) virusuri | virusurilor |
vocative | virusule | virusurilor |
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Noun[edit]
vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)
- (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
- (computing) computer virus
Declension[edit]
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus m (plural virus)
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “virus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus n
Declension[edit]
Declension of virus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | virus | viruset | virus | virusen |
Genitive | virus | virusets | virus | virusens |
Tagalog[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unadapted borrowing from English virus, from Latin vīrus. Doublet of bisa.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
virus
Further reading[edit]
- “virus”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Proto-Italic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/aɪɹəs
- Rhymes:English/aɪɹəs/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with quotations
- English informal terms
- English metonyms
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Computing
- English proscribed terms
- English verbs
- English nonstandard terms
- en:Virology
- Asturian terms borrowed from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian nouns
- Asturian masculine nouns
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Latin
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- az:Medicine
- az:Computing
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan 2-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Pathology
- ca:Virology
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish nouns
- Cornish masculine nouns
- Czech terms borrowed from Latin
- Czech terms derived from Latin
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- cs:Virology
- cs:Computing
- Danish terms borrowed from Latin
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish neuter nouns
- Danish nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Microbiology
- nl:Computer science
- Finnish terms borrowed from Latin
- Finnish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/irus
- Rhymes:Finnish/irus/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- fi:Computer security
- Finnish vastaus-type nominals
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Galician terms borrowed from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- gl:Biology
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian semantic loans from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Biology
- id:Virology
- id:Computing
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua nouns
- Italian terms borrowed from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/irus
- Rhymes:Italian/irus/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- it:Virology
- Ladino terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino nouns
- Ladino nouns in Latin script
- Ladino masculine nouns
- Ladino terms with quotations
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin neuter nouns
- Latin singularia tantum
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the second declension
- New Latin
- Malay terms derived from English
- Malay terms derived from Latin
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Biology
- ms:Virology
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami nouns
- se:Lifeforms
- Northern Sami odd nouns
- Northern Sami non-gradating odd nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- nb:Biology
- nb:Virology
- nb:Computing
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- nn:Biology
- nn:Virology
- nn:Computing
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/irus
- Rhymes:Romanian/irus/2 syllables
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Medicine
- sh:Computing
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾus
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾus/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Computing
- es:Virology
- Swedish terms borrowed from Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog unadapted borrowings from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog terms derived from Latin
- Tagalog doublets
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- tl:Biology
- tl:Virology
- tl:Computing