vir
Afrikaans[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Dutch voor (“for; before”) or rather the dialectal variant veur (compare deur with Dutch door). The Afrikaans distinction between vir (“for”) and voor (“before”) may have been influenced by corresponding German für and vor.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
vir
- for
- Dit is vir jou! ― It is for you!
- Used to indicate the addressee of a communicative act.
- Sy roep vir haar sussie. ― She is calling to her little sister.
- Amen, sê ek vir julle. ― Amen, I say to you.
- Die ou man het gesein vir die motorbestuurder. ― The old man signalled to the car driver.
- Direct object marker.
- Die vrou moer vir die inbreker toe met 'n hamer. ― The woman then whacked the burglar with a hammer.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Baure[edit]
Noun[edit]
vir
Czech[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from modern European languages, English virus, French virus, German Virus, which are all from Latin virus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
vir m
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- vir in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- vir in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- vir in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
Galician[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre, present active infinitive of veniō.
Verb[edit]
vir (first-person singular present veño, first-person singular preterite vin, past participle vido)
- to come
- Antonym: ir
- first-person and third-person singular personal infinitive of vir
Conjugation[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Inflected form of ver (“to see”).
Verb[edit]
vir
References[edit]
- “viir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “vir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “vir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “vir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /u̯ir/, [u̯ɪr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /vir/, [vir]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Noun[edit]
vir m (genitive virī); second declension
- man in the sense of "adult male human": adult, mature or grown man
- brave or courageous man, hero, warrior
- husband
- (military) foot soldier
Usage notes[edit]
Vir has the sense of adult male human being. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to puer (“boy”); in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with fēmina or mulier (“woman”). In the context of ancient Roman society, vir connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman.[1] "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin homō (e.g., as opposed to bēstia (“beast”) or deus (“god”)); in the sense of male, by Latin mās (as opposed to fēmina (“female”)).
Declension[edit]
Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | vir | virī |
Genitive | virī | virōrum |
Dative | virō | virīs |
Accusative | virum | virōs |
Ablative | virō | virīs |
Vocative | vir | virī |
- The genitive plural may also be virum, virûm.
Hypernyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Hagelin, L. (2020), "Homo inter homines sum. The importance of age for freedmen's construction of masculinity in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome", page 131
Further reading[edit]
- “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vir in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
- a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
- a man of ability: vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus
- a man of ability: vir magno ingenio praeditus
- a man of learning; a scholar; a savant: vir or homo doctus, litteratus
- a great scholar: vir doctissimus
- a man of profound erudition: vir perfecte planeque eruditus
- a man perfect in all branches of learning: vir omni doctrina eruditus
- the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
- a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis)
- a man who has held every office (up to the consulship): vir defunctus honoribus
- a hero: vir fortissimus
- (ambiguous) many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
- (ambiguous) to separate (of the woman): repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3)
- (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
- (ambiguous) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
- Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
Luxembourgish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
vir
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Northern Kurdish[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vir
Etymology 2[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
vir ?[1]
- lie
- vir kirin ― to lie
- vir kirin nav rûya ― to lie to one's eyes, lie blatantly
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Kurdojev, K. K. (1960), “vir II”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 781b
Old Swedish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old East Norse *wīʀ, (compare Old West Norse vér), from Proto-Germanic *wīz.
Pronoun[edit]
vīr
Declension[edit]
first person | second person | reflexive | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
singular | ||||||
nominative | iak, iæk | þū | — | han | hōn | þæt |
accusative | mik | þik | sik | han | hana, hōna | þæt |
dative | mǣ(r), mik | þǣ(r), þik | sǣ(r), sik | hōnum, hānum | hænni | þȳ, þī |
genitive | mīn | þīn | sīn | hans | hænna(r) | þæs |
dual | ||||||
nominative | vit | it | — | — | — | — |
accusative | oker | *iker | sik | — | — | — |
dative | oker | *iker | sǣr, sik | — | — | — |
genitive | okar | *ikar | sīn | — | — | — |
plural | ||||||
nominative | vī(r) | ī(r) | — | þē(r) | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
accusative | os, ōs | iþer | sik | þā | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
dative | os, ōs | iþer | sǣr, sik | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom |
genitive | vār | iþar | sīn | þēra | þēra | þēra |
Descendants[edit]
- Swedish: vi
Picard[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French veoir, veir, from earlier vedeir, from Latin vidēre, present active infinitive of videō.
Verb[edit]
vir
- to see
Piedmontese[edit]
Noun[edit]
vir m (plural vir)
Related terms[edit]
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Portuguese viir, from earlier Old Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre, from Proto-Italic *gʷenjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from zero-grade of *gʷem- + *-yéti.
Related to Spanish and French venir, Italian venire, Romanian veni.
Verb[edit]
vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo)
- (intransitive) to come (to move towards the speaker or the agent)
- Ele veio me cumprimentar.
- He came to greet me.
- (intransitive) to come; to arrive (to reach a destination, especially where the speaker is)
- Venha antes das seis se quiser jantar.
- Come before six if you want to have dinner.
- Synonym: chegar
- (intransitive) to come (to manifest itself; to occur)
- Os meses vêm e vão.
- The months come and go.
- (intransitive) to come (to be located in a certain position in a sequence)
- A palavra coçar vem depois de cocar no dicionário.
- The word coçar comes after cocar in the dictionary.
- (transitive with de) to come from; to be from (to have as one’s place of origin)
- (transitive with de) to be caused by; to be due to
- Meu sofrimento vem das misérias da vida.
- My suffering is due to life’s miseries.
- (intransitive, or transitive with de) to come back (from); to return (from)
- (auxiliary, with a verb in the gerund) have/has been (forms the present perfect progressive aspect)
- Eu venho comendo pizza todos os dias.
- I have been eating pizza every day.
- (auxiliary with a and a verb in the infinitive) to end up (to eventually do)
- Meu irmão veio a se tornar padre.
- My brother ended up becoming a priest.
- Synonym: acabar
- (colloquial, intransitive, or transitive with com) to bitch; to whine (to complain, especially unnecessarily)
- Não venha com essa.
- Stop whining.
Conjugation[edit]
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | vir | |||||
Personal | vir | vires | vir | virmos | virdes | virem |
Gerund | ||||||
vindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | vindo | vindos | ||||
Feminine | vinda | vindas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | venho | vens | vem | vimos | vindes | vêm |
Imperfect | vinha | vinhas | vinha | vínhamos | vínheis | vinham |
Preterite | vim | vieste | veio | viemos | viestes | vieram |
Pluperfect | viera | vieras | viera | viéramos | viéreis | vieram |
Future | virei | virás | virá | viremos | vireis | virão |
Conditional | ||||||
viria | virias | viria | viríamos | viríeis | viriam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | venha | venhas | venha | venhamos | venhais | venham |
Imperfect | viesse | viesses | viesse | viéssemos | viésseis | viessem |
Future | vier | vieres | vier | viermos | vierdes | vierem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vem | venha | venhamos | vinde | venham | |
Negative (não) | não venhas | não venha | não venhamos | não venhais | não venham |
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:vir.
Alternative forms[edit]
- vim (nonstandard, proscribed)
Etymology 2[edit]
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb[edit]
vir
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ver.
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *virъ.
Noun[edit]
vir m (Cyrillic spelling вир)
Declension[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “vir” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *virъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
vȋr m inan
Inflection[edit]
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | vír | ||
gen. sing. | víra | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
vír | víra | víri |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
víra | vírov | vírov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
víru | víroma | vírom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
vír | víra | víre |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
víru | vírih | vírih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
vírom | víroma | víri |
Further reading[edit]
- “vir”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from German
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio links
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans prepositions
- Afrikaans terms with usage examples
- Baure lemmas
- Baure nouns
- Czech terms borrowed from English
- Czech terms derived from English
- Czech terms borrowed from French
- Czech terms derived from French
- Czech terms borrowed from German
- Czech terms derived from German
- Czech terms derived from Latin
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ir
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Galician irregular verbs
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- la:Military
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latin noun forms
- la:Male people
- Luxembourgish 1-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Luxembourgish terms with homophones
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish adverbs
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish pronouns
- Northern Kurdish nouns
- Northern Kurdish terms with usage examples
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Old East Norse
- Old Swedish terms derived from Old East Norse
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish lemmas
- Old Swedish pronouns
- Old Swedish personal pronouns
- Picard terms inherited from Old French
- Picard terms derived from Old French
- Picard terms inherited from Latin
- Picard terms derived from Latin
- Picard lemmas
- Picard verbs
- Piedmontese lemmas
- Piedmontese nouns
- Piedmontese masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ir
- Portuguese irregular verbs
- Portuguese intransitive verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese auxiliary verbs
- Portuguese colloquialisms
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Regional Serbo-Croatian
- sh:Water
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene masculine inanimate nouns
- Slovene masculine nouns
- Slovene inanimate nouns
- Slovene masculine hard o-stem nouns
- sl:Water