vir

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See also: Vir, VIR, viř, vír, Vir., -vir-, and вир

Afrikaans[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ver (archaic)
  • vi (Cape Afrikaans)
  • vi' (Cape Afrikaans)

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch voor (“for; before”) or rather the dialectal variant veur (compare deur with Dutch door). The Afrikaans distinction between vir (“for”) and voor (“before”) may have been influenced by corresponding German für and vor.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /fər/, [fɨr]
  • audio(file)

Preposition[edit]

vir

  1. for
    Dit is vir jou! ― It is for you!
  2. Used to indicate the addressee of a communicative act.
    Sy roep vir haar sussie. ― She is calling to her little sister.
    Amen, sê ek vir julle. ― Amen, I say to you.
    Die ou man het gesein vir die motorbestuurder. ― The old man signalled to the car driver.
  3. Direct object marker.
    Die vrou moer vir die inbreker toe met 'n hamer. ― The woman then whacked the burglar with a hammer.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Baure[edit]

Noun[edit]

vir

  1. wind

Czech[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from modern European languages, English virus, French virus, German Virus, which are all from Latin virus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

vir m

  1. virus

Declension[edit]

Declension of vir
singular plural
nominative vir viry
genitive viru virů
dative viru virům
accusative vir viry
vocative vire viry
locative viru virech
instrumental virem viry

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • vir in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • vir in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • vir in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Galician[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre, present active infinitive of veniō.

Verb[edit]

vir (first-person singular present veño, first-person singular preterite vin, past participle vido)

  1. to come
    Antonym: ir
  2. first-person and third-person singular personal infinitive of vir
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of vir
singular plural
person first second third first second third
Infinitive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal vir
personal vir vires vir virmos virdes viren
Gerund
vindo
Past participle singular plural
masculine vindo, vido vindos, vidos
feminine vinda, vida vindas, vidas
Indicative eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present veño vés vén vimos vindes, vides veñen
imperfect viña viñas viña viñamos viñades viñan
preterite vín viñeches veu viñemos viñestes viñeron
pluperfect viñera viñeras viñera viñeramos viñerades viñeran
future virei virás virá viremos viredes virán
conditional viría virías viría viriamos viriades virían
Subjunctive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present veña veñas veña veñamos veñades veñan
preterite viñese viñeses viñese viñésemos viñésedes viñesen
future viñer viñeres viñer viñermos viñerdes viñeren
Imperative – ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative – ven [Term?] [Term?] vinde, vide [Term?]
negative – [Term?] [Term?] [Term?] [Term?] [Term?]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Inflected form of ver (“to see”).

Verb[edit]

vir

  1. first-person and third-person singular future subjunctive of ver

References[edit]

  • “viir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “vir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “vir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “vir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

  1. man in the sense of "adult male human": adult, mature or grown man
  2. brave or courageous man, hero, warrior
  3. husband
  4. (military) foot soldier

Usage notes[edit]

Vir has the sense of adult male human being. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to puer (“boy”); in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with fēmina or mulier (“woman”). In the context of ancient Roman society, vir connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman.[1] "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin homō (e.g., as opposed to bēstia (“beast”) or deus (“god”)); in the sense of male, by Latin mās (as opposed to fēmina (“female”)).

Declension[edit]

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative vir virī
Genitive virī virōrum
Dative virō virīs
Accusative virum virōs
Ablative virō virīs
Vocative vir virī

Hypernyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Hagelin, L. (2020), "Homo inter homines sum. The importance of age for freedmen's construction of masculinity in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome", page 131

Further reading[edit]

  • “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • vir in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
    • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
    • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    • a man of ability: vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus
    • a man of ability: vir magno ingenio praeditus
    • a man of learning; a scholar; a savant: vir or homo doctus, litteratus
    • a great scholar: vir doctissimus
    • a man of profound erudition: vir perfecte planeque eruditus
    • a man perfect in all branches of learning: vir omni doctrina eruditus
    • the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
    • a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis)
    • a man who has held every office (up to the consulship): vir defunctus honoribus
    • a hero: vir fortissimus
    • (ambiguous) many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
    • (ambiguous) to separate (of the woman): repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3)
    • (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
    • (ambiguous) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)

Luxembourgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

vir

  1. ahead, at the front, at the fore

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

vir

  1. here

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

vir ?[1]

  1. lie
    vir kirin ― to lie
    vir kirin nav rûya ― to lie to one's eyes, lie blatantly
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kurdojev, K. K. (1960), “vir II”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 781b

Old Swedish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old East Norse *wīʀ, (compare Old West Norse vér), from Proto-Germanic *wīz.

Pronoun[edit]

vīr

  1. we

Declension[edit]

Old Swedish personal pronouns
first person second person reflexive third person
masculine feminine neuter
singular
nominative iak, iæk þū — han hōn þæt
accusative mik þik sik han hana, hōna þæt
dative mǣ(r), mik þǣ(r), þik sǣ(r), sik hōnum, hānum hænni þȳ, þī
genitive mīn þīn sīn hans hænna(r) þæs
dual
nominative vit it — — — —
accusative oker *iker sik — — —
dative oker *iker sǣr, sik — — —
genitive okar *ikar sīn — — —
plural
nominative vī(r) ī(r) — þē(r) þā(r) þø̄n, þē(n)
accusative os, ōs iþer sik þā þā(r) þø̄n, þē(n)
dative os, ōs iþer sǣr, sik þēm, þø̄m, þom þēm, þø̄m, þom þēm, þø̄m, þom
genitive vār iþar sīn þēra þēra þēra

Descendants[edit]

  • Swedish: vi

Picard[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French veoir, veir, from earlier vedeir, from Latin vidēre, present active infinitive of videō.

Verb[edit]

vir

  1. to see

Piedmontese[edit]

Noun[edit]

vir m (plural vir)

  1. turn

Related terms[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • (Brazil, non-standard) IPA(key): /vĩ/
  • Homophone: vi (Brazil) (with -r dropping)
  • Hyphenation: vir

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Portuguese viir, from earlier Old Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre, from Proto-Italic *gʷenjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from zero-grade of *gʷem- + *-yéti.

Related to Spanish and French venir, Italian venire, Romanian veni.

Verb[edit]

vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo)

  2. (intransitive) to come (to move towards the speaker or the agent)
    Ele veio me cumprimentar.
    He came to greet me.
  4. (intransitive) to come; to arrive (to reach a destination, especially where the speaker is)
    Venha antes das seis se quiser jantar.
    Come before six if you want to have dinner.
    Synonym: chegar
  6. (intransitive) to come (to manifest itself; to occur)
    Os meses vêm e vão.
    The months come and go.
  8. (intransitive) to come (to be located in a certain position in a sequence)
    A palavra coçar vem depois de cocar no dicionário.
    The word coçar comes after cocar in the dictionary.
  10. (transitive with de) to come from; to be from (to have as one’s place of origin)
    Eles vêm de vários países.
    They come from various countries.
    Estas botas são porcarias e baratas porque vêm da China.
    These boots are crap and cheap because they are from China.
    Synonym: ser de
  12. (transitive with de) to be caused by; to be due to
    Meu sofrimento vem das misérias da vida.
    My suffering is due to life’s miseries.
  14. (intransitive, or transitive with de) to come back (from); to return (from)
    Quando que o pai vem das férias?
    When is dad coming back from his vacation?
    Synonyms: volta, retornar, tornar
  16. (auxiliary, with a verb in the gerund) have/has been (forms the present perfect progressive aspect)
    Eu venho comendo pizza todos os dias.
    I have been eating pizza every day.
  18. (auxiliary with a and a verb in the infinitive) to end up (to eventually do)
    Meu irmão veio a se tornar padre.
    My brother ended up becoming a priest.
    Synonym: acabar
  20. (colloquial, intransitive, or transitive with com) to bitch; to whine (to complain, especially unnecessarily)
    Não venha com essa.
    Stop whining.
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of vir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal vir
Personal vir vires vir virmos virdes virem
Gerund
vindo
Past participle
Masculine vindo vindos
Feminine vinda vindas
Indicative
Present venho vens vem vimos vindes vêm
Imperfect vinha vinhas vinha vínhamos vínheis vinham
Preterite vim vieste veio viemos viestes vieram
Pluperfect viera vieras viera viéramos viéreis vieram
Future virei virás virá viremos vireis virão
Conditional
viria virias viria viríamos viríeis viriam
Subjunctive
Present venha venhas venha venhamos venhais venham
Imperfect viesse viesses viesse viéssemos viésseis viessem
Future vier vieres vier viermos vierdes vierem
Imperative
Affirmative vem venha venhamos vinde venham
Negative (não) não venhas não venha não venhamos não venhais não venham
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:vir.

Alternative forms[edit]
  • vim (nonstandard, proscribed)

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

vir

  1. first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ver
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ver.

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Noun[edit]

vir m (Cyrillic spelling вир)

  1. whirlpool
  2. (regional) source

Declension[edit]

Declension of vir
singular plural
nominative vir virovi
genitive vira virova
dative viru virovima
accusative vir virove
vocative vire virovi
locative viru virovima
instrumental virom virovima

Further reading[edit]

  • “vir” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene[edit]

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

vȋr m inan

  1. source (of water; e.g. a spring or well)
  2. source, origin

Inflection[edit]

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. vír
gen. sing. víra
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		vír víra víri
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		víra vírov vírov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		víru víroma vírom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		vír víra víre
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		víru vírih vírih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		vírom víroma víri

Further reading[edit]

  • “vir”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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