acabar
Asturian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *accapāre. Compare Spanish and Portuguese acabar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
acabar (first-person singular indicative present acabo, past participle acabáu)
- to finish, end, finish off
- to manage, succeed
- (acabar de facer) To have just done (something)
- to die, die out
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | acabar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | acabando | ||||||
past participle | m acabáu, f acabada, n acabao, m pl acabaos, f pl acabaes | ||||||
person | first singular yo |
second singular tu |
third singular él/elli |
first plural nosotros/nós |
second plural vosotros/vós |
third plural ellos | |
indicative | present | acabo | acabes | acaba | acabamos | acabáis | acaben |
imperfect | acababa | acababes | acababa | acabábemos, acabábamos | acababeis, acababais | acababen | |
preterite | acabé | acabasti, acabesti | acabó | acabemos | acabastis, acabestis | acabaron | |
pluperfect | acabare, acabara | acabares, acabaras | acabare, acabara | acabáremos, acabáramos | acabareis, acabarais | acabaren, acabaran | |
future | acabaré | acabarás | acabará | acabaremos | acabaréis | acabarán | |
conditional | acabaría | acabaríes | acabaría | acabaríemos, acabaríamos | acabaríeis, acabaríais | acabaríen | |
subjunctive | present | acabe | acabes, acabas | acabe | acabemos | acabéis | acaben, acaban |
imperfect | acabare, acabara | acabares, acabaras | acabare, acabara | acabáremos, acabáramos | acabareis, acabarais | acabaren, acabaran | |
imperative | — | acaba | — | — | acabái | — |
Related terms[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *accapāre. Compare Occitan acabar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, past participle acabat)
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | acabar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | acabant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | acabat | acabada | |||||
plural | acabats | acabades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | acabo | acabes | acaba | acabem | acabeu | acaben | |
imperfect | acabava | acabaves | acabava | acabàvem | acabàveu | acabaven | |
future | acabaré | acabaràs | acabarà | acabarem | acabareu | acabaran | |
preterite | acabí | acabares | acabà | acabàrem | acabàreu | acabaren | |
conditional | acabaria | acabaries | acabaria | acabaríem | acabaríeu | acabarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | acabi | acabis | acabi | acabem | acabeu | acabin | |
imperfect | acabés | acabessis | acabés | acabéssim | acabéssiu | acabessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | acaba | acabi | acabem | acabeu | acabin |
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “acabar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “acabar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “acabar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “acabar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Galician-Portuguese acabar, from Vulgar Latin *accapāre. Compare Spanish and Portuguese acabar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, first-person singular preterite acabei, past participle acabado)
- (intransitive) to finish
- (transitive) to complete, finish
- (auxiliary with a verb in the gerund) to end up
- (auxiliary with de and a verb in the infinitive) to have just (indicates recency)
- (transitive with con) to destroy completely, to defeat thoroughly; to put an end to
Conjugation[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “acabar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “acab” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “acabar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “acabar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “acabar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Occitan[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *accapāre. Compare Catalan acabar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Verb[edit]
acabar
Conjugation[edit]
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabi | acabas | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabavi | acabavas | acabava | acabàvem | acabàvetz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabèri | acabères | acabèt | acabèrem | acabèretz | acabèron | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabarà | acabarem | acabaretz | acabaràn | |
conditional | acabariái | acabariás | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaben | |
imperfect | acabèssi | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabèssem | acabèssetz | acabèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acabon | |
imperfect | acabave | acabaves | acabava | acabaviam | acabaviatz | acabavon | |
preterite | acabere | acaberes | acabet | acabem | acabetz | acaberon | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabará | acabarem | acabaretz | acabarán | |
conditional | acabariá | acabariás | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabassiam | acabassiatz | acabon | |
imperfect | acabesse | acabesses | acabesse | acabessiam | acabessiatz | acabesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabassiam | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabi | acabas | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabavi | acabavas | acabava | acabàvam | acabàvatz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabèi | acabès | acabè | acabèm | acabètz | acabèn | |
future | acabarèi | acabaràs | acabarà | acabaram | acabaratz | acabaràn | |
conditional | acabarí | acabarés | acabaré | acabarem | acabaretz | acabarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabi | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaben | |
imperfect | acabèssi | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabèssem | acabèssetz | acabèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabe | acabas | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabava | acabavas | acabava | acabàvam | acabàvatz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabei | acaberas | acabet | acabèram | acabèratz | acaberan | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabará | acabarem | acabaretz | acabarán | |
conditional | acabariá | acabariàs | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaben | |
imperfect | acabèsse | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabèssem | acabèssetz | acabèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | acabar | aver acabat | |||||
gerund | acabant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | acabat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acaba | acabam | acabatz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabavi | acabavas | acabava | acabàvem | acabàvetz | acabavan | |
preterite | acabère | acabères | acabèt | acaberiam | acaberiatz | acabèron | |
future | acabarai | acabaràs | acabarà | acabarem | acabaretz | acabaràn | |
conditional | acabariáu | acabariás | acabariá | acabariam | acabariatz | acabarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | acabèra | acabèras | acabèra | acaberam | acaberatz | acabèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | acabe | acabes | acabe | acabem | acabetz | acaban | |
imperfect | acabèsse | acabèsses | acabèsse | acabessiam | acabessiatz | acabèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
acaba | acabem | acabatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Galician-Portuguese acabar, from Vulgar Latin *accapāre. Compare Spanish acabar, French achever and English achieve. By surface analysis, a- + cabo + -ar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, first-person singular preterite acabei, past participle acabado)
- (intransitive) to finish (to be over, completed)
- (transitive) to complete; to finish (to make done)
- (auxiliary with a verb in the gerund) to end up (to eventually do)
- (copulative) to end up; to turn out (to become, at the end of a process)
- Synonym: ficar
- De tanto misturarmos, a cor da tinta acabou cinza. ― Because we mixed it so much, the colour of the paint ended up grey.
- (auxiliary with de and a verb in the infinitive) to have just; just (indicates recency)
- Ele acabou de sair. ― He just left.
- (transitive with com) to destroy completely, to defeat thoroughly
- (transitive with com) to break up; to put an end to (to make an activity or practice stop)
- Essa lei acabará com a impunidade. ― This law will put an end to impunity.
- (transitive with com) to break up with (end a relationship)
- (intransitive or takes a reflexive pronoun) to run out (to be entirely used up)
- inflection of acabar:
Conjugation[edit]
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ||||||
Personal | ||||||
Gerund | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ||||||
Feminine | ||||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ||||||
Imperfect | ||||||
Preterite | 1, 2 | |||||
Pluperfect | ||||||
Future | ||||||
Conditional | ||||||
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ||||||
Imperfect | ||||||
Future | ||||||
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ||||||
Negative (não) | não acabes | não acabe | não acabemos | não acabeis | não acabem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “acabar” in iDicionário Aulete.
- “acabar” in Dicionário inFormal.
- “acabar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “acabar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “acabar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
- “acabar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *accapāre. By surface analysis, a- + cabo (“end, conclusion”) + -ar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
acabar (first-person singular present acabo, first-person singular preterite acabé, past participle acabado)
- (transitive) to finish; to end
- (auxiliary with a verb in the gerund) to end up (to eventually do)
- Acabarás haciendo lo que él diga.
- You'll end up doing what he says.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to run out of
- Se me acabó la paciencia.
- I've run out of patience.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to come to an end, to be over, to be done, to be finished, to be it, to be no more, to be up
- Lo siento. Su tiempo se acabó, señor.
- I am sorry. Your time is up, sir.
- (Latin America, vulgar, slang) to orgasm; to cum
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | |||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | |||||||
plural | |||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vos |
tú||||||
imperfect | |||||||
preterite | |||||||
future | |||||||
conditional | |||||||
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vos2 |
tú||||||
imperfect (ra) |
|||||||
imperfect (se) |
|||||||
future1 | |||||||
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vos |
tú||||||
negative | no acabes | no acabe | no acabemos | no acabéis | no acaben |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive | |||||||
dative | , | , | |||||
accusative | , , | , , | |||||
with gerund | |||||||
dative | , | , | |||||
accusative | , , | , , | |||||
with informal second-person singular tú imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | , | not used | , | ||||
with informal second-person singular vos imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | , | not used | , | ||||
with formal second-person singular imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | , | not used | ||||
accusative | not used | , , | not used | , | |||
with first-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | not used | , | , | ||||
with informal second-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | not used | , | , | ||||
with formal second-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | not used | , | ||||
accusative | not used | , | not used | , , |
infinitive | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | |||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | |||||||
plural | |||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
personal non-finite | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
infinitive | |||||||
gerund | |||||||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me acabo | te acabastú te acabásvos |
se acaba | nos acabamos | os acabáis | se acaban | |
imperfect | me acababa | te acababas | se acababa | nos acabábamos | os acababais | se acababan | |
preterite | me acabé | te acabaste | se acabó | nos acabamos | os acabasteis | se acabaron | |
future | me acabaré | te acabarás | se acabará | nos acabaremos | os acabaréis | se acabarán | |
conditional | me acabaría | te acabarías | se acabaría | nos acabaríamos | os acabaríais | se acabarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me acabe | te acabestú te acabésvos2 |
se acabe | nos acabemos | os acabéis | se acaben | |
imperfect (ra) |
me acabara | te acabaras | se acabara | nos acabáramos | os acabarais | se acabaran | |
imperfect (se) |
me acabase | te acabases | se acabase | nos acabásemos | os acabaseis | se acabasen | |
future1 | me acabare | te acabares | se acabare | nos acabáremos | os acabareis | se acabaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vos |
tú||||||
negative | no te acabes | no se acabe | no nos acabemos | no os acabéis | no se acaben |
Derived terms[edit]
- acabamiento
- acabar con (“to finish; to put an end to”)
- acabar de (“to have just”)
- acabar de una vez (“to get it over with, to be done with it”)
- acabar por (“to end up”)
- acabarse
- de nunca acabar
- muerto el perro, se acabó la rabia
- quien empieza ganando acaba llorando
- se acabó la fiesta
- y se acabó lo que se daba
Further reading[edit]
- “acabar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Asturian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Asturian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian verbs
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan 3-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)/3 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician intransitive verbs
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician auxiliary verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms prefixed with a-
- Portuguese terms suffixed with -ar
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with audio links
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese intransitive verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Portuguese auxiliary verbs
- Portuguese copulative verbs
- Spanish terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms prefixed with a-
- Spanish terms suffixed with -ar
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish transitive verbs
- Spanish auxiliary verbs
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Latin American Spanish
- Spanish vulgarities
- Spanish slang
- Spanish reflexive verbs