鬼

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鬼 U+9B3C, 鬼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B3C
← 鬻
[U+9B3B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鬽 →
[U+9B3D]
⿁ U+2FC1, ⿁
KANGXI RADICAL GHOST
← ⿀
[U+2FC0] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿂ →
[U+2FC2]
⻤ U+2EE4, ⻤
CJK RADICAL GHOST
← ⻣
[U+2EE3] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⻥ →
[U+2EE5]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Mainland China
Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 194 鬼

鬼 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹山戈 (HUI) or 竹戈 (HI) or 竹田竹戈 (HWHI), four-corner 26213 or 26513, composition ⿱甶⿺儿厶(HTJKV) or ⿸⿻白丿⿺乚厶(G))

  1. Kangxi radical #194, ⿁.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1460, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45758
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1993, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4427, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B3C

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鬼
simp. # 鬼
2nd round simp. ⿸⿻丿日乚
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 鬼
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謉 *tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰 *kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀 *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱 *kuːl
魁 *kʰuːl
磈 *kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊 *kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬 *ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗 *ŋɡuːlʔ
槐 *ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣 *ɡuːlʔ
廆 *ɡuːlʔ
溾 *ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝 *ɡuːls, *krul
褢 *ɡruːl
騩 *krul, *kruls, *kul
愧 *kruls
媿 *kruls
聭 *kruls
餽 *ɡruls
鬼 *kulʔ
魏 *ŋɡuls
巍 *ŋul
犩 *ŋul, *ŋuls

Pictogram (象形) – a man or figure with an ugly face and tail.

Compare 異 (“different, strange”), where the 田 also derives from a face.

It may not be clear from the character, but the lower right “dot” is a small 厶; it is a residual tail – compare 离.

Etymology[edit]

Unknown. May be related to 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe, to terrorise”) with k-nominalisation and endoactive tone B, lit. "the thing which is doing the overawing", or related to 歸 (OC *klul, “to return”). See also 詭 (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • 2jy - colloquial;
  • 2kue - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 鬼
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 微 (21)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 居偉切
    Baxter kjw+jX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʉiX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷɨiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kiuəiX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kujX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kiuəiX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kĭwəiX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kwe̯iX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guǐ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gwai2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鬼
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		guǐ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kjwɨjX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*k-ʔujʔ/
    English ghost

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鬼
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4689
    Phonetic
    component         		鬼
    Rime
    group         		微
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		鬼
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kulʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    鬼

    1. ghost; apparition; spirit (Classifier: 隻／只)
      這房子常常鬧鬼。／这房子常常闹鬼。  ―  Zhè fángzi chángcháng nàoguǐ.  ―  This house is haunted.
    2. devil; demon
      鬼才知道呢！  ―  Guǐ cái zhīdào ne!  ―  How should I know?! (literal: The devil only knows! Similar to: "god knows")
    3. goblin
    4. stealthy; tricky; furtive
    5. sinister plot; dirty trick
      心裡有鬼／心里有鬼  ―  xīnlǐ yǒuguǐ  ―  to have a guilty conscience
    6. devilish; damned; ghastly
      鬼天氣／鬼天气  ―  guǐ tiānqì  ―  damned weather
    7. (informal) clever; smart; quick
      這孩子鬼得很！／这孩子鬼得很！  ―  Zhè háizi guǐ dehěn!  ―  This kid is amazingly smart!
    8. (derogatory) fool; blockhead; guy; moral imbecile
      那個老鬼又來了。／那个老鬼又来了。  ―  Nàge lǎoguǐ yòu lái le.  ―  That geezer is coming again.
    9. Derogatory name for people with a flaw or vice. -ard
      煙鬼／烟鬼  ―  yānguǐ  ―  heavy smoker
      酒鬼  ―  jiǔguǐ  ―  alcoholic
      懶鬼／懒鬼  ―  lǎnguǐ  ―  lazybones
    10. (intimate) imp; urchin
      小鬼  ―  xiǎoguǐ  ―  imp
      機靈鬼／机灵鬼  ―  jīlíngguǐ  ―  crafty child
    11. (regional, usually in compounds) Caucasian or Western person
      鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  gweilo (derogatory term for a white person)
    12. (Cantonese) traitor; rat; mole
    13. (Cantonese, ball games) opponent trying to steal the ball
    14. (Cantonese, inserted in certain adjectives) so; very
    15. (mildly vulgar) the hell
      什麼鬼233／什么鬼233  ―  shénme guǐ 233  ―  what the hell LOL
      我點鬼記得！／我点鬼记得！ [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 dim2 gwai2 gei3 dak1! [Jyutping]  ―  How the hell am I supposed to remember?!
      你在搞什麼鬼？／你在搞什么鬼？  ―  Nǐ zài gǎo shénme guǐ?  ―  What the hell are you doing?
      你搞乜鬼呀？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 gaau2 mat1 gwai2 aa3? [Jyutping]  ―  What the hell are you doing?
    16. (mildly vulgar) who the hell; what the hell
      鬼知道！  ―  Guǐ zhīdào!  ―  Devil knows!
      有鬼人知咩！ [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 gwai2 jan4 zi1 me1! [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell knows!
      鬼叫你…… [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 giu3 nei5...... [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell told you to... → No one told you to...
      有鬼用 [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 gwai2 jung6 [Jyutping]  ―  has what use (what the hell use it has) → is damn worthless, is of damn-all use

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (ghost):
    Dialectal synonyms of 鬼 (“ghost”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 鬼
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鬼, 鬼魂, 亡靈, 亡魂, 幽靈, 幽魂
    Mandarin Beijing 鬼
    Taiwan 鬼
    Yantai (Muping) 鬼
    Jinan 鬼
    Wanrong 鬼
    Xi'an 鬼
    Xining 鬼
    Ürümqi 鬼
    Chengdu 鬼, 二五子
    Guilin 鬼
    Liuzhou 鬼, 矮老子
    Yangzhou 鬼
    Nanjing 鬼
    Singapore 鬼, 好兄弟
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 鬼
    Dagudi (Maliba) 鬼
    Reshuitang (Longling) 鬼
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 鬼
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 鬼
    Oudomxay 鬼
    Cantonese Guangzhou 鬼
    Hong Kong 鬼, 污糟嘢, 嗰啲嘢
    Dongguan 鬼
    Singapore (Guangfu) 鬼, 好兄弟
    Gan Nanchang 鬼
    Lichuan 鬼
    Hakka Meixian 鬼
    Yudu 鬼
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鬼, 鬼仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鬼, 鬼仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鬼, 鬼仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鬼
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鬼, 鬼仔
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鬼
    Huizhou Jixi 鬼
    Jin Taiyuan 鬼
    Min Bei Jian'ou 鬼
    Min Dong Fuzhou 鬼
    Min Nan Xiamen 鬼
    Quanzhou 鬼
    Zhangzhou 鬼
    Tainan 鬼仔
    Penang (Hokkien) 鬼
    Singapore (Hokkien) 鬼, 好兄弟
    Manila (Hokkien) 鬼
    Singapore (Teochew) 鬼
    Wu Shanghai 鬼, 野客, 徐天老爺
    Suzhou 鬼
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 鬼, 老本煙
    Wenzhou 鬼
    Jinhua 鬼
    Xiang Changsha 鬼, 矮路子, 浸老倌, 田几麼, 田老倌
    Xiangxiang 鬼
    Loudi 鬼
    Hengshan 鬼
    • (clever):
    edit
    Synonyms of 鬼

    Antonyms[edit]

    • (clever):
    edit

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 鬼

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (鬼):
    • → Japanese: 鬼(き) (ki)
    • → Korean: 귀(鬼) (gwi)
    • → Vietnamese: quỷ (鬼)

    Others:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji[edit]

    鬼

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    鬼 (oni): two demon-ogres.
    Kanji in this term
    鬼
    おに
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.[1]

    Thought to be derived from 隠 (on, “to hide; hidden from sight”).[1][2][3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    鬼(おに) • (oni) 

    1. ghost
      異(い)国(こく)の鬼(おに)
      ikoku no oni
      a ghost of a foreign country
    2. evil spirit, demon, ogre
      • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1, page 32)[6]
        人神 周易云、人神曰鬼、居偉反、和名於邇、或説云、於邇者、隠音之訛也、鬼物隠而不欲顯形、故以稱也。
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    3. (figurative) someone of remarkable or diabolical energy or ability, a demon
      彼(かの)女(じょ)は仕(し)事(ごと)の鬼(おに)だ。
      Kanojo wa shigoto no oni da.
      She is a demon for work.
    4. "it" in a game of tag/hide and seek (鬼ごっこ onigokko, "pretend spirits")

    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    5. ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    6. ^ Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 鬼 (MC kʉiX). Recorded as Middle Korean 귀〯 (kwǔy) (Yale: kwǔy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɥi(ː)] ~ [ky(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [귀(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    鬼 (eumhun 귀신 귀 (gwisin gwi))

    1. Hanja form? of 귀 (“ghost; spirit”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    鬼: Hán Việt readings: quỷ
    鬼: Nôm readings: khuỷu, quẽ, quỉ, sưu

    1. chữ Hán form of quỷ (“any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit”).
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