歸

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See also: 帰 and 归
歸 U+6B78, 歸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B78
← 歷
[U+6B77] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歹 →
[U+6B79]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 歸
Shinjitai 帰
Simplified 归

Han character[edit]

歸 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹一尸一月 (HMSMB), four-corner 27127, composition ⿰⿱𠂤止帚)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16349
  • Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1446, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6B78

Chinese[edit]

trad. 歸
simp. 归
alternative forms
 
皈
𦤇
帰
㱕
㷌
皈
𦤇
帰
㱕
㷌
䢜
𨺔
𨺜
𢅨
𢅦

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 歸
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (追) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘬 *kʰlul, *kʰrul, *kʰrulʔ
磓 *tuːl
塠 *tuːl
頧 *tuːl, *tuːlʔ
鴭 *tuːl
鎚 *tuːl, *dul, *duls
搥 *tuːl
縋 *dols
膇 *dols
槌 *dols, *dul
追 *tul
桘 *dul
巋 *kʰrul, *kʰrulʔ
歸 *klul

Ideogram (指事): 𠂤 (“ancient form of 師 (“troops”)”) + 帚 (“broom; sweep”) – to eradicate the enemy and return.

Some analyse the 帚 component in the oracle bone script as a ligature of 止 (“to stop, to cease”) and 方 (“peripheral tribes”), i.e. “(of tribes in the periphery) to cease enmity and submit”.

A 止 (“foot”) or 辵 (“walking”) component was further added in the bronze inscriptions.

Shuowen deems 𠂤 to be the phonetic component of this character.

Etymology 1[edit]

Starostin and Schuessler (2007) consider this a possible derivative of 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to revolve; to return”). Compared with Tibetan འཁོར ('khor, “circle; turn; to turn round; to return”) by Xue (2001) and Wang (2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • 1jy - colloquial (歸去);
  • 1kue - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 歸
    Mandarin Beijing /kuei⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kuei⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kuei²¹/
    Jinan /kuei²¹³/
    Qingdao /kue²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kuei²⁴/
    Xi'an /kuei²¹/
    Xining /kuɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kuei⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kuei³¹/
    Ürümqi /kuei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kuei⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /kuei⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kuei⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kuei⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /kuəi³¹/
    Hefei /kue²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kuei¹¹/
    Pingyao /kuei¹³/
    Hohhot /kuei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kue⁵³/
    Suzhou /kue̞⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /kui³³/
    Wenzhou /kai³³/
    /t͡ɕy³³/ 當歸
    Hui Shexian /kue³¹/
    Tunxi /kue¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /kuei³³/
    Xiangtan /kuəi³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kui⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kui⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kui²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐi⁵³/
    Nanning /kʷɐi⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kwɐi⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kui⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuoi⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ky⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kui³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kui²³/
    Rime
    Character 歸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 微 (21)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 舉韋切
    Baxter kjw+j
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʉi/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʷɨi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kiuəi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kuj/
    Li
    Rong         		/kiuəi/
    Wang
    Li         		/kĭwəi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kwe̯i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		guī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gwai1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 歸
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		guī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kjwɨj ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ʷəj/
    English return (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 歸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17748
    Phonetic
    component         		追
    Rime
    group         		微
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		歸
    Old
    Chinese         		/*klul/

    Definitions[edit]

    歸

    1. to return (to a place); to come back to
    2. to return to (a person, a status); to revert to
    3. to submit to; to seek patronage
    4. to tend towards; to converge
    5. to belong to
    Usage notes[edit]

    Usually written as 皈 in Buddhist terms (皈依 (guīyī), 三皈 (sānguī), 皈正, etc.).

    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 回 (“to return; to come/go back”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 回, 歸
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 回, 返回, 回歸
    Mandarin Beijing 回
    Taiwan 回
    Chengdu 轉, 回
    Guilin 回
    Malaysia 回
    Singapore 回
    Cantonese Guangzhou 返
    Hong Kong 返
    Macau 返
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 返
    Taishan 返
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 返
    Singapore (Guangfu) 返
    Hakka Meixian 轉
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 轉
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 歸
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 轉
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 轉
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 轉
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 轉
    Kuching (Hepo) 轉
    Min Dong Fuzhou 轉
    Singapore (Fuqing) 轉
    Min Nan Xiamen 轉, 倒
    Quanzhou 轉
    Zhangzhou 轉
    Zhao'an 轉
    Taipei 轉
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 轉
    Kaohsiung 轉
    Yilan 轉
    Changhua (Lukang) 轉
    Taichung 轉
    Tainan 轉
    Hsinchu 轉
    Kinmen 轉
    Penghu (Magong) 轉
    Penang (Hokkien) 轉
    Singapore (Hokkien) 轉
    Manila (Hokkien) 倒
    Chaozhou 轉
    Shantou 轉
    Haifeng 轉
    Singapore (Teochew) 轉
    Wenchang 轉
    Singapore (Hainanese) 轉
    Wu Ningbo 回, 轉 rare

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 歸 – see 愧 (“ashamed; conscience-stricken”).
    (This character, 歸, is an obsolete form of 愧.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 歸 – see 饋 (“to present gift”).
    (This character, 歸, is an obsolete form of 饋.)

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		帰

    Kyūjitai

    		歸

    Kanji[edit]

    歸

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 帰)

    1. to return; to come back to

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    歸 (eumhun 돌아갈 귀 (doragal gwi))

    1. Hanja form? of 귀 (“to return, to go back”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    歸: Hán Nôm readings: qui, quy

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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