歷

See also: 歴 and 历

歷 U+6B77, 歷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B77 ← 歶 [U+6B76] CJK Unified Ideographs 歸 → [U+6B78]

歷 U+F98C, 歷 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98C ← 曆 [U+F98B] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 轢 → [U+F98D]

Translingual

Traditional	歷
Shinjitai	歴
Simplified	历

Han character

歷 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木一 (MHDM) or 一木卜中一 (MDYLM), four-corner 7121₁, composition ⿸厤止)

Derived characters

• 儮 嚦 壢 㠣 攊 瀝 㺡 櫪 㱹 爏 瓑 㿨 礰 𧞿 䍽 讈 䟐 𨊛 轣 䥶 𣦰 𠫏 藶 䍥 靂 癧

Related characters

• 曆, 磿

References

• KangXi: page 577, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16340
• Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1445, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6B77

• Unihan data for U+F98C

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Chinese

trad.		歷
simp.		历*
alternative forms		歴／历 厯 𢟍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
秝	*reːɡ
歷	*reːɡ
曆	*reːɡ
磿	*reːɡ
靂	*reːɡ
癧	*reːɡ
櫪	*reːɡ
藶	*reːɡ
瀝	*reːɡ
攊	*reːɡ
厤	*reːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reːɡ): phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 止.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considered this word to be of Sino-Tibetan origin and a cognate to Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Kinnauri ri (“to count”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), and [script needed] (rtsis-pa, “astronomer”); however, STEDT derives Burmese ရေ (re) & Tibetan རྩི (rtsi) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”) and does not compare them to Chinese 歷.

One derivative is 曆 (OC *rêk), meaning "calendrical calculations" (Shu) → "calendar";

Another derivative is exopassive 麗 (OC *rê(k)h), meaning "what is calculated → number" (Shi), whose possible allofam is 麗 (OC *rêh).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): lik⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): let⁵

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): li̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lid⁶

• Min Bei (KCR): lĭ
• Min Dong (BUC): lĭk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêh⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): liq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lik⁶
    • Yale: lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: let⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /let̚³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: lid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: le̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: liq (T5)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɪʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: /lek̚/

Rime
Character	歷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎擊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁek/
English	pass by; in turn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歷
Reading #	1/1
No.	7980
Phonetic component	秝
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靂
Old Chinese	/*reːɡ/

Definitions

歷

1. to experience; to go through; to undergo
2. experience; history; record
3. to surpass; to exceed; to overstep
4. to offend; to go against; to undermine
5. to travel through; to go travelling
6. extensively; all over; completely
7. many times; repeatedly
8. one by one; one at a time
9. all of the previous (occurrences); all past
10. to take charge of; to assume (a role)
11. to choose; to select (a date)
12. to examine; to scrutinise; to observe; to calculate
13. clear; distinct; lucid
14. few and far between; sporadic
15. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 歷

• 來歷／来历 (láilì)
• 來歷不明／来历不明 (láilìbùmíng)
• 凌歷／凌历
• 口述歷史／口述历史 (kǒushù lìshǐ)
• 多歷年代／多历年代
• 多歷年所／多历年所 (duō lì niánsuǒ)
• 大來歷／大来历
• 學歷／学历 (xuélì)
• 寂歷／寂历
• 履歷／履历 (lǚlì)
• 履歷表／履历表 (lǚlìbiǎo)
• 嶔崎歷落／嵚崎历落
• 心路歷程／心路历程
• 意識歷程／意识历程
• 捫參歷井／扪参历井
• 旅歷／旅历
• 欹嶔歷落／欹嵚历落
• 歷下／历下
• 歷久／历久 (lìjiǔ)
• 歷久不衰／历久不衰 (lìjiǔbùshuāi)
• 歷久彌新／历久弥新
• 歷亂／历乱
• 歷代／历代 (lìdài)
• 歷任／历任 (lìrèn)
• 歷來／历来 (lìlái)
• 歷劫／历劫
• 歷劫歸來／历劫归来
• 歷口／历口 (Lìkǒu)
• 歷史／历史 (lìshǐ)
• 歷史劇／历史剧
• 歷史名詞／历史名词
• 歷史唯心主義／历史唯心主义
• 歷史唯物主義／历史唯物主义 (lìshǐ wéiwù zhǔyì)
• 歷史學／历史学 (lìshǐxué)
• 歷史小說／历史小说
• 歷史年表／历史年表
• 歷史性／历史性 (lìshǐxìng)

• 歷史文學／历史文学
• 歷史時代／历史时代
• 歷史線圖／历史线图 (lìshǐ xiàn tú)
• 歷史觀／历史观 (lìshǐguān)
• 歷史語詞／历史语词
• 歷史重演／历史重演
• 歷夏經秋／历夏经秋
• 歷審／历审
• 歷屆／历届 (lìjiè)
• 歷山／历山
• 歷年／历年 (lìnián)
• 歷數／历数 (lìshǔ)
• 歷日／历日 (lìrì)
• 歷日曠久／历日旷久
• 歷時／历时 (lìshí)
• 歷有年所／历有年所
• 歷朝／历朝 (lìcháo)
• 歷次／历次 (lìcì)
• 歷正／历正
• 歷歷／历历 (lìlì)
• 歷歷可數／历历可数 (lìlìkěshǔ)
• 歷歷可紀／历历可纪
• 歷歷可考／历历可考
• 歷歷可見／历历可见
• 歷歷可辨／历历可辨
• 歷歷在目／历历在目 (lìlìzàimù)
• 歷歷如繪／历历如绘
• 歷歷落落／历历落落
• 歷沴／历沴
• 歷溪／历溪 (Lìxī)
• 歷瀾／历澜
• 歷盡／历尽 (lìjìn)
• 歷盡滄桑／历尽沧桑
• 歷盡艱辛／历尽艰辛 (lìjìnjiānxīn)
• 歷盡艱險／历尽艰险
• 歷碌／历碌
• 歷程／历程 (lìchéng)

• 歷經／历经 (lìjīng)
• 歷經波折／历经波折
• 歷練／历练 (lìliàn)
• 歷練之才／历练之才
• 歷練老成／历练老成
• 歷落／历落 (lìluò)
• 歷覽／历览 (lìlǎn)
• 歷訪／历访
• 歷遍／历遍
• 歷險／历险 (lìxiǎn)
• 歷齒／历齿
• 沒來歷／没来历
• 沒有來歷／没有来历
• 涉歷／涉历 (shèlì)
• 游歷／游历
• 爰歷篇／爰历篇
• 病歷／病历 (bìnglì)
• 病歷表／病历表
• 的歷／的历
• 簡歷／简历 (jiǎnlì)
• 簿歷／簿历
• 經歷／经历 (jīnglì)
• 綿歷／绵历
• 蒸漚歷瀾／蒸沤历澜
• 薊訓歷家／蓟训历家
• 親歷／亲历 (qīnlì)
• 親身經歷／亲身经历 (qīnshēn jīnglì)
• 諳歷／谙历
• 買物歷／买物历
• 資歷／资历 (zīlì)
• 身歷聲／身历声 (shēnlìshēng)
• 辟歷施鞭／辟历施鞭
• 遊歷／游历 (yóulì)
• 遍歷／遍历 (biànlì)
• 過歷／过历
• 閱歷／阅历 (yuèlì)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	歴
Kyūjitai	歷

Kanji

歷

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 歴)

1. take place, past, history

Readings

• On (unclassified): れき (reki); りゃく (ryaku)
• Kun: へる (heru, 歷る)

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Korean

Hanja

歷 (eumhun 지낼 력 (jinael ryeok), South Korea 지낼 역 (jinael yeok))

1. Hanja form^? of 력 (“go through”).
2. Hanja form^? of 력 (“experience”).
3. Hanja form^? of 력 (“undergo”).
4. Hanja form^? of 력 (“use up”).
5. Hanja form^? of 력 (“exhaust”).

Compounds

• 역사 (歷史, yeoksa, “history”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

歷: Hán Nôm readings: lịch, lếch, lệch, rếch

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.