歷

See also: 歴 and 历

Translingual

Traditional	歷
Shinjitai	歴
Simplified	历

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reːɡ): phonetic 厤 ‎(OC *reːɡ) + semantic 止 ‎(“stay”)

Han character

歷 (radical 77 止+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木一 (MHDM) or 一木卜中一 (MDYLM), four-corner 7121₁, composition ⿸厤止)

Related characters

• 曆, 磿

References

• KangXi: page 577, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16340
• Dae Jaweon: page 968, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1445, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6B77

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Chinese

trad.		歷
simp.		历

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li̍t
• Min Nan (POJ): le̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lik⁶
    • Yale: lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: lid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lid⁶
    • IPA: /lit̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /lek̚/▼

Rime
Character	歷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎擊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[r]ˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤek/
English	pass by; in turn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歷
Reading #	1/1
No.	7980
Phonetic component	秝
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靂
Old Chinese	/*reːɡ/

Definitions

歷

1. take place
2. past
3. history

Compounds

Compounds

• 曆法／历法 (lìfǎ)
• 歷久／历久
• 歷代／历代 (lìdài)
• 歷任／历任 (lìrèn)
• 歷來／历来 (lìlái)
• 歷史／历史 (lìshǐ)
• 歷史唯心主義／历史唯心主义
• 歷史唯物主義／历史唯物主义

• 歷史性／历史性
• 歷史觀／历史观 (lìshǐguān)
• 歷屆／历届
• 歷年／历年 (lìnián)
• 歷數／历数
• 歷時／历时 (lìshí)
• 歷朝／历朝
• 歷次／历次

• 歷歷／历历
• 歷盡／历尽
• 歷程／历程 (lìchéng)
• 歷經／历经 (lìjīng)
• 歷練／历练
• 歷訪／历访
• 歷險／历险 (lìxiǎn)

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Japanese

Kanji

歷

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. take place, past, history

Readings

• On: れき (reki), りゃく (ryaku)
• Kun: へる (heru)

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Korean

Hanja

歷 • ‎(ryeok, yeok) (hangeul 력, 역, revised ryeok, yeok, McCune-Reischauer ryŏk, yŏk, Yale lyek, yek)

1. go through
2. experience
3. undergo
4. use up
5. exhaust

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Vietnamese

Han character

歷 (lịch, lếch, lệch, rếch)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.