師

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See also: 师 and 帥
師 U+5E2B, 師
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E2B
← 帪
[U+5E2A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帬 →
[U+5E2C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Sans-serif)
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

師 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口一中月 (HRMLB), four-corner 21727, composition ⿰𠂤帀)

Descendants[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 331, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8916
  • Dae Jaweon: page 637, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 740, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5E2B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 師
simp. 师
alternative forms
 
𠦵
𠵀
𢂖
𢃋
𨸲
𠦵
𠵀
𢂖
𢃋
𨸲
𨸴
𩇱
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 師 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 師 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 師
Western Zhou Warring States
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
篩 *sreːl, *srel, *sri
師 *sri
鰤 *sri
蒒 *sri
獅 *sri
螄 *sri

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𠂤 (“mound, hill”) + 帀 – ancient troops were usually stationed at a hill.

Each of the two components can be used as 師 on their own in preclassical scripts. The significance of 帀 is debated.

Etymology[edit]

Starostin derives this word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rij (“many”), cognate with 皆 (OC *kriːj, “all”), 偕 (OC *kriːj, “together with”), as well as Tibetan ཁྲི (khri, “ten thousand”) and Burmese ရဲ (rai:, “police”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • să - vernacular (“to be expert in; expert; term of address for experts”);
  • sṳ̆ - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • sai - vernacular;
    • su/sir - literary.
    Note:
    • se1/su1 - literary:
      • se1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
      • su1 - Chaoyang;.
    • sai1 - vernacular, in 師父／师父, 師囝／师囝.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 師
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /sz̩²¹/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Qingdao /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xi'an /sz̩²¹/
    Xining /sz̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Ürümqi /sz̩⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /sz̩⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /sz̩⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /sz̩⁵⁵/
    Kunming /sz̩⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /sz̩³¹/
    Hefei /sz̩²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
    Pingyao /sz̩¹³/
    Hohhot /sz̩³¹/ 老～
    /səʔ⁰/ 大～傅
    Wu Shanghai /sz̩⁵³/
    Suzhou /sz̩⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /sz̩³³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³³/
    Hui Shexian /sz̩³¹/
    Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /sz̩³³/
    Xiangtan /sz̩³³/
    Gan Nanchang /sz̩⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sï²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /si⁵³/
    Nanning /sz̩⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /si⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /su⁵⁵/
    /sai⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sy⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sɯ³³/
    /sai³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /si²³/
    Rime
    Character 師
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 脂 (17)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 疏夷切
    Baxter srij
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃˠiɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃᵚi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃiɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂji/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃji/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂi/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		si1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 師 師
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shī shī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ srij › ‹ srij ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*srij/ /*srij/
    English army master

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 師
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11433
    Phonetic
    component         		師
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		師
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sri/

    Definitions[edit]

    師

    1. (historical, military) division of 2500 soldiers
    2. (military) division; a large body of troops composing part of an army
    3. army; troops; armed force
      • 4th cent. BC, 《竹書紀年》 (Bamboo Annals), s.v. "周宣王" (Xuan King):
        五年... 秋八月，方叔帥師伐荊蠻
        Year 5 [c. 820 BC]... Autumn, Month 8: "Uncle" Fang led a force to slaughter the Jingman.
    4. to dispatch troops; to send troops
    5. the masses; populace; general public
    6. (historical) A former level of administrative division notionally covering 36,000 households or 1/12 of a province.
    7. capital city; metropolis
    8. strategist; military adviser
    9. leader; chief; commander; head; captain
    10. teacher; instructor
    11. master; expert; specialist
    12. (Min Dong) to be an expert in; adept at; capable
    13. (Min Dong) Respectful term of address for an expert in a trade or profession.
    14. (religion) Respectful title for monks, nuns and Taoist priests.
    15. (historical) musician
    16. model; example; fine example (Can we add an example for this sense?)
    17. to follow; to imitate; to follow the example of
    18. “Army” (䷆): the seventh hexagram of the I Ching
    19. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (師):
    • → Japanese: 師(し) (shi)
    • → Korean: 사(師) (sa)
    • → Vietnamese: sư (師)

    Others:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    師

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. teacher, master, one's mentor
    2. religious leader

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    師
    し
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi

    師(し) • (shi) 

    1. teacher, Reverend

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    師
    し
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    師(もろ) • (Moro) 

    1. a surname

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 師 (MC srij). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    師 (eumhun 스승 사 (seuseung sa))

    1. Hanja form? of 사 (“teacher; master; one's mentor”).
    2. Hanja form? of 사 (“(military) division; army”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    師: Hán Nôm readings: sư

    1. teacher, master
    2. respectful title for Buddhist monks and Buddhist nuns
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