鄉

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See also: 鄕, 乡, 郷, and 卿
鄉 U+9109, 鄉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9109
← 鄈
[U+9108] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鄊 →
[U+910A]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 鄉
Simplified 乡
Japanese 郷
Korean 鄕

Han character[edit]

鄉 (Kangxi radical 163, 邑+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女竹戈戈中 (VHIIL), four-corner 27727, composition ⿰乡郎)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 1275, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39498
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1775, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3786, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+9109

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鄉/鄕
simp. 乡
alternative forms 鄊
𨞰

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 鄉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
鄉-oracle.svg 鄉-bronze.svg 鄉-seal.svg 鄉-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (鄉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
曏 *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
鄉 *qʰaŋ
薌 *qʰaŋ
膷 *qʰaŋ
響 *qʰaŋʔ
饗 *qʰaŋʔ
蠁 *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
嚮 *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
卿 *kʰraŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting.

In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965).

The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary.
Note:
  • hion1/hiên1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hoeng1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    English village; district

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13596
    Phonetic
    component         		鄉
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		香
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ/
    Notes 甲金文象兩人對食，
    爲饗初文

    Definitions[edit]

    鄉

    1. township
    2. countryside; country; rural area
      鄉村／乡村  ―  xiāngcūn  ―  village
      城鄉／城乡  ―  chéngxiāng  ―  urban and rural areas
    3. one's native place
      回鄉／回乡  ―  huíxiāng  ―  to return to one's native place
    4. place
    5. state; situation
      夢鄉／梦乡  ―  mèngxiāng  ―  dreamland
    6. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 鄉

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjangH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋ-s/
    English to face

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions[edit]

    鄉

    1. Alternative form of 嚮／向 (xiàng).

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 鄉
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiǎng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjangX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰaŋʔ/
    English feast

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions[edit]

    鄉

    1. Alternative form of 饗／飨 (xiǎng).

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    鄉

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    鄉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    鄉: Hán Nôm readings: hương

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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