鄉下

See also: 乡下

Chinese

		country; village	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
trad. (鄉下)		鄉	下
simp. (乡下)		乡	下
anagram		下鄉／下乡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiāngxia, xiāngxià

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ ˙ㄒㄧㄚ, ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoeng¹ haa^6-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiang¹ ha^5*

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hiông-ha

  (Hailu, HRS): hiong^ˋ ha^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiong¹ ha⁴

• Northern Min (KCR): hióng-à
• Eastern Min (BUC): hiŏng-â
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieo¹ or⁵ / hiunn¹ or⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiuⁿ-ē / hiuⁿ-ě / hioⁿ-ēe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hion¹ ê⁶ / hiên¹ ê⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹shian-gho

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland China)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāngxia
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ˙ㄒㄧㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siangsiå
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang¹-hsia⁵
    • Yale: syāng-sya
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang.shia
    • Palladius: сянся (sjansja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä²/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāngxià
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siangsià
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang¹-hsia⁴
    • Yale: syāng-syà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiangshiah
    • Palladius: сянся (sjansja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoeng¹ haa^6-2
    • Yale: hēung há
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng¹ haa^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng¹ ha^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²⁻³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiang¹ ha^5*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ³³ ha³²⁻³²⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông-ha
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiong^ˊ ha
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiong¹ ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiong^ˋ ha^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /hioŋ⁵³ ha³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiong¹ ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ha⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hióng-à
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɔŋ⁵⁴ a⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng-â
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(Ø-)ŋɑ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hieo¹ or⁵ [Phonetic: hieo² or⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̤uⁿ-ō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieu⁵³³⁻¹³ ɒ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hiunn¹ or⁵ [Phonetic: hiunn² or⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɒ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiuⁿ-ē
    • Tâi-lô: hiunn-ē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hviu'e
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² e²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ e³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiuⁿ-ě
    • Tâi-lô: hiunn-ě
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiũ³³ e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ-ēe
    • Tâi-lô: hionn-ēe
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² ɛ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hion¹ ê⁶ / hiên¹ ê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hioⁿ ĕ / hieⁿ ĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩõ³³⁻²³ e³⁵/, /hĩẽ³³⁻²³ e³⁵/

Note: hiên1 ê6 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹shian-gho
    • MiniDict: shian^平 gho
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xian-hho
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiã⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

Noun

鄉下

1. the countryside; the country; rural area

   放假了，我們一家大小往鄉下去探望祖母。 [MSC, trad.]
   放假了，我们一家大小往乡下去探望祖母。 [MSC, simp.]

   Fàngjià le, wǒmen yījiādàxiǎo wǎng xiāngxià qù tànwàng zǔmǔ. [Pinyin]

   We had a holiday, so our whole family went to the countryside to visit grandmother.

   要我說啊，鄉下美麗的田園風光就比風景區的好。 [MSC, trad.]
   要我说啊，乡下美丽的田园风光就比风景区的好。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yào wǒ shuō a, xiāngxià měilì de tiányuán fēngguāng jiù bǐ fēngjǐngqū de hǎo. [Pinyin]

   If you ask me, the scenery in the countryside is more beautiful than that in the scenic spots.

2. (somewhat dialectal) hometown; native land

   回鄉下／回乡下  ―  huí xiāngxià  ―  to go back to one's village

   你幾耐先返一次鄉下㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你几耐先返一次乡下㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ gei² noi⁶ sin¹ faan¹ jat¹ ci³ hoeng¹ haa^6-2 gaa³? [Jyutping]

   How often do you go back to your hometown?

3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, humorous) foreign places where Hong Kongers frequently travel to, especially Japan (see 返鄉下／返乡下)

Synonyms

• (countryside):

edit

• 四鄉 / 四乡 (sìxiāng) (countryside around a town)
• 山野 (shānyě) (figurative)
• 庄跤 (“chng-kha”) (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 村野 (cūnyě)
• 田園 / 田园 (tiányuán)
• 田舍 (tiánshè) (literary)
• 田野 (tiányě)
• 田間 / 田间 (tiánjiān)
• 草地 (cao² di⁷) (Teochew, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary)
• 莊下 / 庄下 (Hakka)
• 農村 / 农村 (nóngcūn)
• 郊野 (jiāoyě)
• 鄉村 / 乡村 (xiāngcūn)
• 鄉社 / 乡社 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 鄉裡 / 乡里 (xian¹ li) (Xiang)
• 鄉間 / 乡间 (xiāngjiān) (in the countryside)
• 野外 (yěwài)

• (hometown):

edit

• 土 (literary, or in compounds)
• 家山 (jiāshān) (literary)
• 家鄉 / 家乡 (jiāxiāng)
• 故國 / 故国 (gùguó) (literary)
• 故園 / 故园 (gùyuán) (literary)
• 故土 (gùtǔ)
• 故鄉 / 故乡 (gùxiāng)
• 故里 (gùlǐ)
• 老家 (lǎojiā)
• 老屋 (Hakka)
• 鄉仔 / 乡仔 (Hakka)
• 鄉土 / 乡土 (xiāngtǔ)
• 鄉村肚仔 / 乡村肚仔 (Hakka)
• 鄉梓 / 乡梓 (xiāngzǐ) (literary)
• 鄉關 / 乡关 (xiāngguān) (literary)
• 鄉黨 / 乡党 (xiāngdǎng) (Classical)

• (Japan):

edit

• 11區 / 11区 (shíyī-qū) (Internet slang)
• 倭 (historical, now pejorative)
• 日 (abbreviation)
• 日本 (Rìběn)
• 日本國 / 日本国 (Rìběnguó) (official)
• 東洋 / 东洋 (Dōngyáng) (archaic)
• 東瀛 / 东瀛 (Dōngyíng) (literary, poetic)
• 立本 (lìběn) (internet slang)
• 輻島 / 辐岛 (Fúdǎo) (Internet slang, derogatory)
• 霓虹 (níhóng) (Internet slang)
• 🐌 (Internet slang, derogatory, humorous)

Derived terms

• 鄉下人 / 乡下人 (xiāngxiarén)
• 鄉下佬 / 乡下佬 (xiāngxiàlǎo)
• 鄉下庸 / 乡下庸
• 鄉下話 / 乡下话 (xiāngxiàhuà)