次

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See also: 㳄
次 U+6B21, 次
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B21
← 欠
[U+6B20] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 欢 →
[U+6B22]
次 U+2F8EF, 次
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8EF
← 㰘
[U+2F8EE] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣢧 →
[U+2F8F0]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character[edit]

次 (radical 76, 欠+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一弓人 (IMNO) or 一一弓人 (MMNO), four-corner 17182 or 37182, composition ⿰冫欠 (GJV) or ⿰二欠 (HKT)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 565, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15992
  • Dae Jaweon: page 954, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2133, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6B21

Chinese[edit]

trad. 次
simp. # 次

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 次
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
次-oracle.svg 次-bronze.svg 次-seal.svg 次-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咨 *ʔsli
資 *ʔsli
姿 *ʔsli
粢 *ʔsli
諮 *ʔsli
恣 *ʔslis
澬 *ʔsli, *zli
趑 *sʰli
蠀 *sʰli
次 *sn̥ʰis
佽 *sl̥ʰis
絘 *sl̥ʰis
薋 *zli
瓷 *zli
茨 *zli
餈 *zli
垐 *zli, *zlɯɡ
楶 *ʔsliːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 二 + 欠.

Etymology 1[edit]

Probably from *s- + 二 (OC *njis, “two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (Pulleyblank, 1962; Sagart and Baxter, 2012; STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 次
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七四切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰiH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ci3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 次 次
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cì cì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshijH › ‹ tshijH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/ /*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/
English lodge (v.) put in order; second

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 次
Reading # 1/1
No. 1794
Phonetic
component 		次
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		次
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰis/
Notes 說文二聲，甲金文二或三劃，
似人嘆氣諮嗟

Definitions[edit]

次

  1. order; sequence
  2. next in sequence; second
  3. (literary) to arrange into ordered form; to put into sequence; to impose order; to compile
  4. inferior; substandard
  5. Classifier for times, as in frequency. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    上次  ―  shàngcì  ―  last time
    次數 / 次数  ―  cìshù  ―  number of times; frequency
  6. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (Internet slang) Alternative form of 吃 (chī).
  7. (archaic, military) to station the troops at some place; to hold position at some place
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 次 (“time (frequency)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 次, 回, 遍
Mandarin Taiwan 次
Malaysia 次
Singapore 次
Cantonese Guangzhou 次
Hong Kong 次
Macau 次
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Singapore (Guangfu) 次, 擺
Hakka Meixian 擺
Wuhua (Huacheng) 擺
Heyuan (Bendihua) 次
Liannan 次
Jiexi 輪
Changting 回
Wuping 下, 到
Ninghua 回
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 擺, 到
Liudui (S. Sixian) 擺, 到
Hsinchu (Hailu) 擺, 到
Dongshi (Dabu) 擺, 到
Hsinchu (Raoping) 擺, 到
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 擺, 回
Hong Kong 次
Senai (Huiyang) 擺
Min Nan Xiamen 擺, 斗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 擺
Quanzhou 擺, 斗
Anxi 擺
Zhangzhou 擺, 斗
Zhao'an 次, 擺
Tainan 擺, 改, 斗
Penang (Hokkien) 斗
Singapore (Hokkien) 擺
Chaozhou 次, 過, 匝
Shantou 次, 匝
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 次, 匝
Singapore (Teochew) 擺, 匝
Wenchang 下, 次
Wu Shanghai 次, 埭, 趟, 頓, 遍, 場, 轉, 下
Chongming 趟, 頓, 場
Suzhou 趟, 頓, 場
Danyang 頓, 場
Hangzhou 埭, 趟, 頓, 通
Ningbo 回, 埭, 卯, 遭 dated, 記

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 次

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

次

  1. Only used in 榆次.

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

次

  1. Only used in 次且.

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

次

  1. Only used in 具次.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

次

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
次
し
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 次 (tshijH, “in order; second”).

Less common reading in modern Japanese. Superseded in most cases by ji; see below.

Pronunciation[edit]

Affix[edit]

次(し) • (shi) 

  1. next, secondary
  2. following
Usage notes[edit]

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
次
じ
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/si/ → /ʑi/ → /d͡ʑi/

Sound shift from shi above.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Counter[edit]

次(じ) • (-ji) 

  1. number of times: an ordinal marker
    第四(だいよん)次(じ)計画(けいかく)
    daiyonji keikaku
    the fourth plan
  2. number in a sequence, number of aspects or dimensions
    二(に)次(じ)方程式(ほうていしき)、三(さん)次(じ)式(しき)
    niji hōteishiki, sanji shiki
    a quadratic equation, a third order expression

Noun[edit]

次(じ) • (ji) 

  1. (rare) order, sequence
Usage notes[edit]

Seldom found in isolation.

Prefix[edit]

次(じ) • (ji-) 

  1. (attached to nouns) the next, secondary, vice-
    次(じ)位(い)、次(じ)長(ちょう)
    jii, jichō
    second rank, vice-director
  2. (chemistry) hypo- (used to distinguish the oxidation levels of various acids)
    亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)塩(えん)素(そ)酸(さん)、亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)、次(じ)亜(あ)臭(しゅう)素(そ)酸(さん)
    aenso san, jiaenso san, ashūso san, jiashūso san
    chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, bromous acid, hypobromous acid

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
次
つぎ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次ぐ (tsugu, “to be in a sequence; to follow, to continue from something, to be next; to connect, to join”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

次(つぎ) • (tsugi) 

  1. next, order, sequence, below
    子(こ)供(ども)たちは次(つぎ)のように述(の)べています。
    Kodomotachi wa tsugi no yō ni nobeteimasu.
    The children said as follows.
    • From the Emacs tutorial (English)
      では C-v （次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)を見(み)る）をタイプして次(つぎ)の画面(がめん)に進(すす)んで下(くだ)さい。（さあ、やってみましょう。コントロールキーを押(お)しながら v です）
      De wa C-v (tsugi no gamen o miru) o taipu shite tsugi no gamen ni susunde kudasai. (Sā, yattemimashō. Kontorōrukī o oshinagara v desu)
      Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. (go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and v together)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
次
すき
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く (suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).[1]

The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

次(すき) • (suki) 

  1. (Shinto) at the 大嘗祭 (Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
次
ついで
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/tuɡite/ → /tuide/

Sound shift from 次第 (tsugite, “order, sequence”), itself originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete Old Japanese-derived verb 継ぎつ (tsugitsu, “to do things in sequence, to establish an order”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

次(ついで) • (tsuide) 

  1. order, sequence
  2. follower, successor; the next thing in a sequence
  3. a good opportunity to do something; doing something incidental to something else
Usage notes[edit]

The good opportunity sense is more often encountered as 序(つい)でに (tsuide ni).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

次 (eumhun 버금 차 (beogeum cha))

  1. Hanja form? of 차 (“second; next”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Hán tự[edit]

次: Hán Việt readings: thứ (七(thất)四(tứ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], tư
次: Nôm readings: thớ[1][3][6][4][5][7], thứ[1][2][4][7], thứa[2][4][5][7], khứa[1]

  1. Hán tự form of thứ (“inferior in quality; order, rank, sequence”).
  2. Nôm form of thớ (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).
  3. Nôm form of thứa (“This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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