正月

Chinese

		first; principal	moon; month
simp. and trad. (正月)		正	月

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhēngyuè

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ ㄩㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): zen¹ yue²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): җынйүә (žɨnyüə, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ jyut⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): zang¹ nyyot
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châng-ngie̍t / châng-ngia̍t
• Min Dong (BUC): ciăng-nguŏk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiaⁿ--goe̍h / chiaⁿ-ge̍rh / chiaⁿ--ge̍h / chiaⁿ-ge̍h / chiaⁿ-goe̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zian¹ ghuêh⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): tsen hhyq (T1); tsen hhioq (T1)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhēngyuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ ㄩㄝˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jengyueh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhengyuè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zen¹ yue²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zenje
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən⁵⁵ ye²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: җынйүә (žɨnyüə, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴ yə⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ jyut⁶
    • Yale: jīng yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ yud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zang¹ nyyot
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁴² n̠ʲyɵt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châng-ngie̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: zang´ ngied
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zang¹ ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɲi̯et̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châng-ngia̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: zang´ ngiad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zang¹ ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɲi̯at̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciăng-nguŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ--goe̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann--gue̍h
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ-ge̍rh
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann-ge̍rh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiã³³ ɡəʔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ--ge̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann--ge̍h
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ-ge̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann-ge̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvia'geh
    • IPA (Philippines): /t͡ɕiã³³ ɡeʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ-goe̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann-gue̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvia'goeh
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zian¹ ghuêh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiaⁿ gue̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩã³³⁻²³ ɡueʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsen hhyq (T1); tsen hhioq (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səɲ⁵⁵ ɦɥ̯ɪʔ²¹/, /t͡səɲ⁵⁵ ɦi̯ʊʔ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇŋ  ŋʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	正	月
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	諸盈切	魚厥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋ/	/ŋʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋ/	/ŋʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋ/	/ŋiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋ/	/ŋuat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋ/	/ŋiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋ/	/ŋĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ/	/ŋi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng	yuè

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.teŋ  [ŋ]ʷat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋ  ŋod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	正	月
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyeng ›	‹ ngjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*C.teŋ/	/*[ŋ]ʷat/
English	1st (month)	moon, month
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	正	月
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17171	16319
Phonetic component	正	月
Rime group	耕	月
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	征	月
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋ/	/*ŋod/
Notes	甲文從止丁聲， 徵初文

Noun

正月

1. the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
2. (Xiamen Hokkien) first three days of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar

Synonyms

• (first month): 陬月 (Zōuyuè), 寅月 (Yínyuè), 端月 (duānyuè), 元月 (Yuányuè), 初月, 嘉月, 开岁, 新正 (xīnzhēng), 隅月, 孟月 (mèngyuè), 始春, 元春
• (first three days): (Min Nan) 正月正頭／正月正头, 正月正時／正月正时

Derived terms

• 大正月
• 正月初一 (zhēngyuè chūyī)
• 正月十五 (zhēngyuè shíwǔ)
• 正月正時／正月正时

• 正月正頭／正月正头
• 正月酒
• 正月頭／正月头

See also

• Month of the Year: 正月 (zhēngyuè)
  • Previous: 臘月／腊月 (Làyuè)
  • Next: 杏月 (Xìngyuè)

---

Japanese

Kanji in this term
正	月
しょう Grade: 1	がつ Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

From 正 (principal) + 月(month)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) しょーがつ​ [shòógátsúꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
• (Tokyo) しょーがつ [shòógátsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːɡa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

正(しょう)月(がつ) • (shōgatsu) 

1. January
2. New Year

Synonyms

• (New Year):
  • 元旦(がんたん) (gantan): New Year's Day
  • 元日(がんじつ) (ganjitsu): New Year's Day

Coordinate terms

• 初詣(はつもうで) (hatsumōde)
• 初日(はつひ)の出(で) (hatsuhinode)
• 門松(かどまつ) (kadomatsu)
• 御御籤(おみくじ) (omikuji)
• 年賀状(ねんがじょう) (nengajō)

---

Korean

Hanja in this term
正	月

Noun

正月 • (jeong-wol) (hangeul 정월)

1. Hanja form^? of 정월 (“the first month of the traditional Korean calendar”).