鑄

See also: 鋳 and 铸

鑄 U+9444, 鑄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9444 ← 鑃 [U+9443] CJK Unified Ideographs 鑅 → [U+9445]

Translingual

Traditional	鑄
Shinjitai	鋳
Simplified	铸

Han character

鑄 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 金土弓戈 (CGNI), four-corner 8414₁, composition ⿰釒壽)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1324, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40972
• Dae Jaweon: page 1825, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4266, character 7
• Unihan data for U+9444

Chinese

trad.		鑄
simp.		铸
alternative forms		鋳 𨮾 𤎧 𨮚 𨥇

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鑄
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script

Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
禱	*tuːʔ, *tuːs
擣	*tuːʔ
檮	*tuːʔ, *duː, *du
壔	*tuːʔ
懤	*tuːʔ, *du, *dus
濤	*duː, *duː
燾	*duː, *duːs
翿	*duː, *duːs
幬	*duːs, *du
儔	*duːs, *du
譸	*tu
籌	*du
疇	*du
躊	*du
燽	*du
薵	*du
魗	*tʰjuʔ, *dju
醻	*dju
壽	*djuʔ, *djus
璹	*djuʔ, *djuɡ
鑄	*tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjos): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historical forms for this character feature large amounts of various decorative components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).

Etymology

Connected by Schuessler (2007) to 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), though the Baxter-Sagart reconstruction makes this phonetically suspect. Note, however, stronger phonetic similarities to Burmese တူး (tu:, “to be burnt, scorched”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chu

  (Hailu, HRS): zhu^ˇ

• Eastern Min (BUC): cuó
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zou⁴ / zy⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chù

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zyu³
    • Yale: jyu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ju³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chu
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zhu^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃu¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cuó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suɔ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zou⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: co̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔu⁴²/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zy⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chù
    • Tâi-lô: tsù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zux
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡su¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyuH

Rime
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之戍切
Baxter	tsyuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕioH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuə̆H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕioH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjos/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuH ›
Old Chinese	/*tu-s/ (MC F!)
English	to cast (a bronze vessel)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
No.	11710
Phonetic component	壽
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	注
Old Chinese	/*tjos/

Definitions

鑄

1. to cast; to melt; to found; to forge
2. to form; to create; to mould
3. to cultivate; to train

Compounds

• 壓鑄 / 压铸
• 晉鑄刑鼎 / 晋铸刑鼎
• 歐冶鑄劍 / 欧冶铸剑
• 澆鑄 / 浇铸 (jiāozhù)
• 白鑄鐵 / 白铸铁
• 研經鑄史 / 研经铸史
• 臨難鑄兵 / 临难铸兵
• 鎔鑄 / 镕铸
• 鑄件 / 铸件 (zhùjiàn)
• 鑄字 / 铸字
• 鑄山煮海 / 铸山煮海
• 鑄工 / 铸工
• 鑄幣局 / 铸币局
• 鑄成大錯 / 铸成大错 (zhùchéngdàcuò)
• 鑄模 / 铸模 (zhùmú)
• 鑄造 / 铸造 (zhùzào)
• 鑄鋼 / 铸钢
• 鑄錢局 / 铸钱局
• 鑄鐵 / 铸铁 (zhùtiě)
• 鑄鼎象物 / 铸鼎象物
• 陶鎔鼓鑄 / 陶镕鼓铸
• 陶鑄 / 陶铸
• 鬥而鑄兵 / 斗而铸兵
• 鬥而鑄錐 / 斗而铸锥
• 鼓鑄 / 鼓铸

Japanese

Shinjitai	鋳
Kyūjitai	鑄

Kanji

鑄

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鋳)

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Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan’yō-on: ちゅう (chū)^{←ちう (tiu, historical)}
• Kun: いる (iru, 鑄る)^{←いる (iru, 鑄る, historical)←𛀆る (yiru, 鑄る, ancient)}

Korean

Hanja

鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주)

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Vietnamese

Han character

鑄: Hán Nôm readings: chú

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