壽

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See also: 寿, 夀, and 🉢
壽 U+58FD, 壽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58FD
← 壼
[U+58FC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壾 →
[U+58FE]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 寿
Simplified 寿
Traditional 壽

Han character[edit]

壽 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土弓一戈 (GNMI), four-corner 40641, composition ⿳⿳士乛工一吋)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 244, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 483, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+58FD

Chinese[edit]

trad. 壽
simp. 寿
alternative forms 夀
𡔽

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 壽
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
禱 *tuːʔ, *tuːs
擣 *tuːʔ
檮 *tuːʔ, *duː, *du
壔 *tuːʔ
懤 *tuːʔ, *du, *dus
濤 *duː, *duː
燾 *duː, *duːs
翿 *duː, *duːs
幬 *duːs, *du
儔 *duːs, *du
譸 *tu
籌 *du
疇 *du
躊 *du
燽 *du
薵 *du
魗 *tʰjuʔ, *dju
醻 *dju
壽 *djuʔ, *djus
璹 *djuʔ, *djuɡ
鑄 *tjos

These forms are seen in bronze inscriptions:

  1. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djuʔ, *djus): semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚 (OC *du).
  2. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djuʔ, *djus): semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠷎 () (𦓃).
  3. Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djuʔ, *djus): semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𠼡 ().

The current traditional glyph is from the composition #3, with 又 (yòu) becoming 寸 (cùn) (耂 + 𠾉).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 壽
Mandarin Beijing /ʂou⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂou⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂou⁵³/
/sou⁵³/
Jinan /ʂou²¹/
Qingdao /ʃou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂou³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂou⁴⁴/
Xining /ʂɯ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂəu¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂou¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤu²¹³/
Wuhan /səu³⁵/
Chengdu /səu¹³/
Guiyang /səu²¹³/
Kunming /ʂəu²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂəɯ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʂɯ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /səu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂəu³⁵/
Hohhot /səu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ³¹/
Hangzhou /zei¹³/
Wenzhou /jɤu²²/
Hui Shexian /ɕiu²²/
Tunxi /ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂəu⁵⁵/
/ʂəu¹¹/
Xiangtan /ʂəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /sɨu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /su⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʃu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐu²²/
Nanning /sɐu²²/
Hong Kong /sɐu²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siu²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sieu²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /siu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siu³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tiu³³/
Rime
Character 壽 壽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 殖酉切 承呪切
Baxter dzyuwX dzyuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑɨuX/ /d͡ʑɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiuX/ /d͡ʑiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiəuX/ /d͡ʑiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑuwX/ /d͡ʑuwH/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiuX/ /ʑiuH/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭəuX/ /ʑĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ə̯uX/ /ʑi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shòu shòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau6 sau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 壽 壽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shòu shòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyuwX › ‹ dzyuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[N-t]uʔ/ /*[N-t]uʔ-s/
English longevity longevity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 壽 壽
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11707 11709
Phonetic
component 		壽 壽
Rime
group 		幽 幽
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		受 授
Old
Chinese 		/*djuʔ/ /*djus/

Definitions[edit]

壽

  1. old age; long life
    福壽雙全／福寿双全  ―  fúshòushuāngquán  ―  to enjoy both felicity and longevity
  2. life; age
  3. birthday
    壽辰／寿辰  ―  shòuchén  ―  birthday
    祝壽／祝寿  ―  zhùshòu  ―  to congratulate a person (usually an elderly person) on his or her birthday
  4. (euphemistic) funerary (especially prepared before one's death)
    壽材／寿材  ―  shòucái  ―  coffin prepared before one's death
    壽衣／寿衣  ―  shòuyī  ―  burial shroud (prepared before one's death)
  5. (Wu, Cantonese) foolish; stupid; cloddish
    壽頭／寿头 [Shanghainese]  ―  [z̥ɜ²² d̥ɜ⁴⁴] [IPA]  ―  silly person; fool; idiot
  6. a surname

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 壽

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

寿

Kyūjitai

壽

Kanji[edit]

壽

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寿)

  1. longevity, long life
  2. congratulations

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Seldom used in modern Japanese. See the 寿 entry for further details.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

壽 (eum 수 (su))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Readings[edit]

壽: Hán Việt readings: thọ
壽: Nôm readings: thọ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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