丁
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
丁 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一弓 (MN), four-corner 10200, composition ⿱一亅)
Derived characters[edit]
- 仃, 㓅, 叮, 圢, 奵, 帄, 㣔, 忊, 打, 汀, 𭷸, 䦺, 朾, 灯, 玎, 町, 盯, 矴, 糽, 耓, 耵, 虰, 訂(订), 䟓, 酊, 釘(钉), 𠁂, 靪, 飣(饤), 䰳
- 邒, 𤆉, 㼗, 𠀲, 頂(顶), 𩾚, 亍, 宁, 艼, 甼, 䆑, 亭, 𠅘, 㸘, 寕, 閅, 寧, 厅, 庁, 疔, 㐉, 可, 𭴀, 于, 𣑥, 𤡛, 𥢃
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 75, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2
- Dae Jaweon: page 135, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 2, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4E01
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
丁 | |
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alternative forms | 𠆤 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 丁 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script | Ming typeface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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圢 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
町 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ |
打 | *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ |
盯 | *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ |
朾 | *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ |
丁 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
玎 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
虰 | *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ |
揨 | *rdeːŋ |
釘 | *teːŋ, *teːŋs |
靪 | *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ |
仃 | *teːŋ |
叮 | *teːŋ |
疔 | *teːŋ |
頂 | *teːŋʔ |
奵 | *teːŋʔ |
耵 | *teːŋʔ |
酊 | *teːŋʔ |
葶 | *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ |
矴 | *teːŋs |
訂 | *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ |
飣 | *teːŋs |
汀 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs |
艼 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
庁 | *tʰeːŋ |
婷 | *deːŋ |
停 | *deːŋ |
聤 | *deːŋ |
渟 | *deːŋ |
楟 | *deːŋ |
亭 | *deːŋ |
Pictogram (象形) – different theories exist:
- a city wall. The derivative 成 and later 城 is now used to represent this sense. Characters like 邑, 正/征 contains it as a semantic component.
- a head. The derivative 天 and 頂 is now used to represent this sense. Characters like 元 contains it as a semantic component.
- a nail. The derivative 釘 is now used to represent this sense.
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
丁
- the fourth of the ten heavenly stems
- fourth
- robust; vigorous
- male adult; man
- person; may specifically refer to member of a family
- 人丁 ― réndīng ― person
- small cube
- (literary) to encounter
- A surname.
- 丁肇中 ― Dīng Zhàozhōng ― Samuel Chao Chung Ting (Chinese-American physicist)
- 「他總仍舊是偷。這一回,是自己發昏,竟偷到丁舉人家裡去了。他家的東西,偷得的麼?」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1919, Lu Xun, 孔乙己 (Kung I-chi)
- “tā zǒng réngjiù shì tōu. Zhè yī huí, shì zìjǐ fāhūn, jìng tōu dào Dīng jǔrén jiā lǐ qù le. Tā jiā de dōngxi, tōu de de me?” [Pinyin]
- "He was stealing again. This time he was fool enough to steal from Mr. Ting, the provincial scholar! As if anybody could get away with that!"
“他总仍旧是偷。这一回,是自己发昏,竟偷到丁举人家里去了。他家的东西,偷得的么?” [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
丁
- Only used in 丁丁 (zhēngzhēng).
Etymology 3[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 叮 (“to sting; to bite; to advise; to urge; to repeat what one says to make sure; etc.”). (This character, 丁, is the second-round simplified form of 叮.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 4[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 盯 (“to gaze upon; to keep eyes on; to stare at”). (This character, 丁, is the second-round simplified form of 盯.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 5[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 釘 (“gold slab; nail; etc.”). (This character, 丁, is the second-round simplified form of 釘.) |
Notes:
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Etymology 6[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 丁 – see 靪 (“to resole a shoe; patch; etc.”). (This character, 丁, is the second-round simplified form of 靪.) |
Notes:
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References[edit]
- “丁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00002
- “Entry #46”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←ちやう (tyau, historical)
- Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)←てい (tei, historical)
- Kun: ひのと (hinoto, 丁)
As in the onomatopoeia 丁丁:
- Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←ちやう (tyau, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)←たう (tau, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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丁 |
てい Grade: 3 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 丁 (teng).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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丁 |
ちょう Grade: 3 |
kan’on |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- street, district
- 北-八番-丁
- kita-hachiban-chō
- northern eighth district
- ぶらくり丁
- burakuri-chō
- Burakuri street
- 北-八番-丁
- even (especially of dice)
- 丁か半か
- chō ka han ka
- even or odd
- 丁か半か
- (historical) a measure of length approximately 109 meters (also written 町)
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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丁 |
ちょう Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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挺 梃 |
From Middle Chinese 挺 (MC deŋ, deŋX). 丁 is a daiyōji replacing 挺.
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
- counter for long and thin things, e.g. guns, hoes, candles.
- 二丁の拳銃
- nichō no kenjū
- two pistols
- 二丁の拳銃
- counter for foods such as tofu.
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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丁 |
ひのと Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
火 (hi, “fire”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- the fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 丁 (MC teŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎌ᇰ (tyeng) (Yale: tyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
丁 (eumhun 넷째 천간(天干) 정 (netjjae cheon'gan jeong))
丁 (eumhun 고무래 정 (gomurae jeong))
丁 (eumhun 장정 정 (jangjeong jeong))
- Hanja form? of 정 (“the fourth of the ten heavenly stems; something D”).
- Hanja form? of 정 (“male adult; man”).
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
- Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丁
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
丁: Hán Việt readings: đinh (
丁: Nôm readings: đứa[1][2][3][6][5][7], đinh[1][2][4][7], đềnh[1], tênh[2], tranh[2], đĩnh[3]
- chữ Hán form of Đinh (“fourth of the ten heavenly stems”).
- chữ Hán form of Đinh (“surname”).
- Nôm form of đứa (“indicates young person, child or inferior person”).
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
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