丁

Character

丁 U+4E01, 丁

Name

CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E01

Block

CJK Unified Ideographs

← 一 [U+4E00]

[U+4E02] 丂 →

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丁

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Bamboo and silk script

Large seal script

Small seal script

**Oracle bone script**
j30153	j30154	j30155	j30156	j30157	j30158	j30159	j30160
j30161	j30162	j30163	j30164	j30165	j30166	j30167	j30168
j30169	j30170	j30171	j30172	j30173	j30174	j30175	j30176
j30177	j30178	j30179	j30180	j30181	j30182	j30183	j30184
j30185	j30186	j30187	j30188	j30189	j30190	j30191	j30192
j30193	j30194	j30195	j30196	j30197	j30198	j30199	j30200
j30201	j30202	j30203	j30204	j30205	j30206	j30207	j30208
j30209	j30210	j30211	j30212	j30213	j30214	j30215	j30216
j30217	j30218	j30219	j30220	j30221	j30222	j30223	j30224
j30225	j30226	j30227	j30228	j30229	j30230	j30231	j30232
j30233	j30234	j30235	j30236	j30237	j30238	j30239	j30240
j30241	j30242	j30243	j30244	j30245	j30246	j30247	j30248
j30249	j30250	j30251	j30252	j30253	j30254	j30255	j30256
j30257	j30258	j30259	j30260	j30261	j30262	j30263	j30264
j30265	j30266	j30267	j30268	j30269	j30270	j30271	j30272
j30273	j30274	j30275	j30276	j30277	j30278	j30279	j30280
j30281	j30282	j30283	j30284	j30285	j30286	j30287	j30288
j30289	j30290	j30291	j30292	j30293

**Bronze inscriptions**
b20292	b20293	b20294	b20295	b20296	b20297	b20298	b20299
b20300	b20301	b20302	b20303	b20304	b20305	b20306	b20307
b20308	b20309	b20310	b20311	b20312	b20313	b20314	b20315
b20316

**Large seal script**
L33441	L33442	L33443	L33444	L33445	L33446	L33447	L33448
L33449	L33450	L33451	L11338	L11339	L11340	L11341	L11342
L11343	L11344	L11345	L11346	L11347	L11348	L11349	L11350
L11351	L11352

**Small seal script**
s10946

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (large seal) and
Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形): a nail.

The modern character for "nail" is 釘/钉.

Han character[edit]

丁 (radical 1 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一弓 (MN), four-corner 1020₀, composition ⿱一亅)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 75, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2
Dae Jaweon: page 135, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 2, character 5
Unihan data for U+4E01

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		丁

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): dīng (ding¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ding¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tên
Min Nan (POJ): teng
Wu (Wiktionary): tin (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: dīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥ
  - Wade-Giles: ting¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ding
  - IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ding¹
  - Yale: dīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ding¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tɪŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tên
  - Hakka Romanization System: den´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: den¹
  - IPA: /ten²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teng
  - Tâi-lô: ting
  - Phofsit Daibuun: defng
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tin (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /tɪɲ⁵³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 丁 (姓丁)
Mandarin	Beijing	/tiŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tiŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/tiŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tiŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tiŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tiŋ²¹/
	Xining	/tiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/tin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/tin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/tin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/tĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/tin³¹/
	Hefei	/tin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/tiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/tin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/tin³³/
	Wenzhou	/teŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tiʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/tɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/tin³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/tin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tiɑŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/ten⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ten²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/teŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/teŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tiŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tiŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tiŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/taiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/teŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdeŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /teŋ/▼

Rime
Character	丁
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	當經切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/teŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/teŋ/
Wang Li	/tieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dīng

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*tˤeŋ/, /*tˤreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*rteːŋ/, /*teːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丁	丁	丁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dīng	dīng	zhēng
Middle Chinese	‹ teng ›	‹ teng ›	‹ trɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˤeŋ/	/*tˤeŋ/	/*tˤreŋ/
English	4th heavenly stem	nail (n.)	sound of beating
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丁	丁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2372	2378
Phonetic component	丁	丁
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	朾	丁
Old Chinese	/*rteːŋ/	/*teːŋ/
Notes		釘（鋌塊）初文

Definitions[edit]

丁

man
population, members of a family
cube
the fourth of the ten heavenly stems
A surname.
fourth

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 丁

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): zhēng (zheng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaang¹, zang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
  - Wade-Giles: chêng¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaang¹, zang¹
  - Yale: jāang, jāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaang¹, dzang¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʈˠɛŋ/▼

Rime
Character	丁
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	中莖切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*tˤreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*rteːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丁
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng
Middle Chinese	‹ trɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˤreŋ/
English	sound of beating
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丁
Reading #	1/2
No.	2372
Phonetic component	丁
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朾
Old Chinese	/*rteːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

丁

See 丁丁 (zhēngzhēng).

References[edit]

(Min Nan) “Entry #46”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: ちょう (chō)
Kan’on: てい (tei), とう (tō)
Kun: ひのと (hinoto), あたる (ataru), よぼろ (yoboro)

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

丁 • ‎(jeong)
Eumhun:

Sound (hangeul): 정 (revised: jeong, McCune-Reischauer: chŏng, Yale: ceng)

Name (hangeul): 고무래, 장정 (revised: gomurae, jangjeong, McCune-Reischauer: komurae, changjŏng, Yale: komuray, cangceng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丁

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

丁

丁

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

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