丁寧
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| peaceful; rather; Ningxia (abbrev.) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (丁寧) | 丁 | 寧 | |
| simp. (丁宁) | 丁 | 宁 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: dīngníng
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥ ㄋㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dingníng
- Wade–Giles: ting1-ning2
- Yale: dīng-níng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dingning
- Palladius: диннин (dinnin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/
- Homophones:
叮嚀 / 叮咛
丁寧 / 丁宁
耵聹 / 耵聍
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ding1 ning4
- Yale: dīng nìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ding1 ning4
- Guangdong Romanization: ding1 ning4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɪŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: teng neng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤeŋ nˤeŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*teːŋ neːŋ/
Noun
[edit]丁寧
- (historical) narrow bell-shaped copper percussion instrument connected to a long handle and struck with a mallet, used in battle to halt or recall troops
Etymology 2
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 丁寧 – see 叮嚀 (“to exhort; to urge; to advise repeatedly; repeated advice; urging; admonition”). (This term is a variant form of 叮嚀). |
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 丁 | 寧 |
| てい Grade: 3 |
ねい Grade: S |
| kan'on | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 叮嚀 |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 叮嚀 (MC teng neng).
Originally meant a musical instrument used in the ancient Chinese military to signal vigilance or caution.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]丁寧 • (teinei) -na (adnominal 丁寧な (teinei na), adverbial 丁寧に (teinei ni))
- polite, civil, courteous
- careful
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 丁寧
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 丁寧だろ | ていねいだろ | teinei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 丁寧で | ていねいで | teinei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 丁寧だ | ていねいだ | teinei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 丁寧な | ていねいな | teinei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 丁寧なら | ていねいなら | teinei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 丁寧であれ | ていねいであれ | teinei de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 丁寧ではない 丁寧じゃない |
ていねいではない ていねいじゃない |
teinei de wa nai teinei ja nai |
| Informal past | 丁寧だった | ていねいだった | teinei datta |
| Informal negative past | 丁寧ではなかった 丁寧じゃなかった |
ていねいではなかった ていねいじゃなかった |
teinei de wa nakatta teinei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 丁寧です | ていねいです | teinei desu |
| Formal negative | 丁寧ではありません 丁寧じゃありません |
ていねいではありません ていねいじゃありません |
teinei de wa arimasen teinei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 丁寧でした | ていねいでした | teinei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 丁寧ではありませんでした 丁寧じゃありませんでした |
ていねいではありませんでした ていねいじゃありませんでした |
teinei de wa arimasen deshita teinei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 丁寧で | ていねいで | teinei de |
| Conditional | 丁寧なら(ば) | ていねいなら(ば) | teinei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 丁寧だったら | ていねいだったら | teinei dattara |
| Volitional | 丁寧だろう | ていねいだろう | teinei darō |
| Adverbial | 丁寧に | ていねいに | teinei ni |
| Degree | 丁寧さ | ていねいさ | teineisa |
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 丁寧なら | ていねいなら | teinei nara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 丁寧に[1] 丁寧なり[2] |
ていねいに ていねいなり |
teinei ni teinei nari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 丁寧なり | ていねいなり | teinei nari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 丁寧なる | ていねいなる | teinei naru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 丁寧なれ | ていねいなれ | teinei nare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 丁寧なれ | ていねいなれ | teinei nare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 丁寧ならず | ていねいならず | teinei narazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 丁寧なれど | ていねいなれど | teinei naredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 丁寧なれば | ていねいなれば | teinei nareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 丁寧ならば | ていねいならば | teinei naraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 丁寧なりき | ていねいなりき | teinei nariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 丁寧なりけり | ていねいなりけり | teinei narikeri | |
| Adverbial | 丁寧に | ていねいに | teinei ni | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Noun
[edit]- politeness, courteousness
- care
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “丁寧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
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