Wiktionary:Chinese entry guidelines/Southern Pinghua
Southern Pinghua (Chinese: 桂南平話) is a language subfamily of the Yue branch of Chinese. Currently under Wiktionary, the Yue branch does not exist, so Southern Pinghua is classified as a direct descendent family of Middle Chinese.
Nanning Pinghua
[edit]Currently, Nanning Pinghua, the representative lect, is included in Wiktionary, with Tingzi (亭子) being the representative locality. For the romanization, Jyutping++ is adopted as below.
Initials
[edit]Under the current analysis, Nanning Pinghua has 22 initials, including the zero-initial.
| Jyutping++ | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| b | /p/ | 卑皮班八 |
| p | /pʰ/ | 披盼匹 |
| m | /m/ | 魔眉晚襪 / 魔眉晚袜 |
| f | /f/ | 非肥反法 |
| w | /β/ | 花華彎挖 / 花华弯挖 |
| d | /t/ | 都圖單達 / 都图单达 |
| t | /tʰ/ | 土炭塌 |
| n | /n/ | 挼奴難捺 / 挼奴难捺 |
| l | /l/ | 拉梨懶辣 / 拉梨懒辣 |
| z | /t͡s/ | 知遲殘札 / 知迟残札 |
| c | /t͡sʰ/ | 癡餐察 / 痴餐察 |
| nj | /ɲ/ | 毅兒顏日 / 毅儿颜日 |
| s | /s/ | 詩時山殺 / 诗时山杀 |
| sl | /ɬ/ | 思邪散薩 / 思邪散萨 |
| j | /j/ | 丫呀引瞎 |
| g | /k/ | 基奇肝葛 |
| k | /kʰ/ | 契款咳 |
| ng | /ŋ/ | 椏嘢岸鰐 / 桠嘢岸鳄 |
| h | /h/ | 稀胡汗渴 |
| gw | /kʷ/ | 瓜葵關括 / 瓜葵关括 |
| kw | /kʰʷ/ | 跨坤搉 |
| ∅ | — | 鴉禍安壓 / 鸦祸安压 |
Finals
[edit]Under the current analysis, Nanning Pinghua has 49 finals, including a syllabic /ŋ̍/.
| -i | -u | -m | -n | -ng | -p | -t | -k | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aa | aa /a/ 巴 |
aai /ai/ 排 |
aau /au/ 包 |
aam /am/ 暗 |
aan /an/ 安 |
aang /aŋ/ 鋼 |
aap /ap̚/ 鴨 |
aat /at̚/ 壓 |
aak /ak̚/ 惡 |
| a | ai /əi/ 悲 |
au /əu/ 歐 |
am /əm/ 今 |
an /ən/ 因 |
ang /əŋ/ 增 |
ap /əp̚/ 急 |
at /ət̚/ 七 |
ak /ək̚/ 亦 | |
| e | e /e/ 孖 |
eu /eu/ 膠 |
em /em/ 鉗 |
en /en/ 片 |
iang /iɐŋ/ 央 |
ep /ep̚/ 夾 |
et /et̚/ 割 |
iak /iɐk̚/ 藥 | |
| o | o /o/ 波 |
on /on/ 瞞 |
ot /ot̚/ 沒 |
||||||
| i | i /i/ 卑 |
iu /iu/ 妖 |
im /im/ 鹽 |
in /in/ 煎 |
ing /ɪŋ/ 英 |
ip /ip̚/ 葉 |
it /it̚/ 必 |
ik /ɪk̚/ 益 | |
| u | u /u/ 婆 |
ui /ui/ 杯 |
un /un/ 碗 |
ung /ʊŋ/ 汪 |
ut /ut̚/ 闊 |
uk /ʊk̚/ 或 | |||
| yu | yu /y/ 豬 |
yun /yun/ 煙 |
yut /yut̚/ 乙 |
||||||
| oe | oe /ø/ 靴而 |
oeng /øŋ/ 翁 |
oek /øk̚/ 屋 | ||||||
| ng | ng /ŋ̍/ 吳 |
Tones
[edit]Nanning Pinghua has 10 tones, which are represented by 6 symbols.
| Jyutping++ | IPA | Category | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | /⁵³/ | light level (陰平) | 詩 |
| 2 | /³³/ | light rising (陰上) | 屎 |
| 3 | /⁵⁵/ | light departing (陰去) | 世 |
| 4 | /²¹/ | dark level (陽平) | 時 |
| 5 | /²⁴/ | dark rising (陽上) | 市 |
| 6 | /²²/ | dark departing (陽去) | 是 |
| 3 | /⁵⁵/ | upper light entering (上陰入) | 粒 |
| 2 | /³³/ | lower light entering (下陰入) | 得 |
| 5 | /²⁴/ | upper dark entering (上陽入) | 劣 |
| 6 | /²²/ | lower dark entering (下陽入) | 絕 |
Allophonic relations
[edit]- As with Jyutping for Cantonese, we use an analysis where glides are all transferred to (part of) the initial. For example:
- We analyse /uai ~ βai/ with initial ⟨w⟩ and final ⟨aai⟩.
- We analyse /kuai ~ kwai/ with initial ⟨kw⟩ and final ⟨aai⟩.
- As with Jyutping for Cantonese, we disallow syllables starting with a high vowel. For example:
- ⟨ji⟩ is preferred over *⟨i⟩ for /ji ~ i/.
- ⟨wu⟩ is preferred over *⟨u⟩ for /βu ~ u/.
- ⟨jyu⟩ is preferred over *⟨yu⟩ for /jy ~ y/.
- However, for our analysis, /iɐ/ does not count as starting with a high vowel, because it is an allophone of /e/ before /ŋ/ and /k̚/, so ⟨iak⟩ /iɐk̚/ and ⟨jak⟩ /jək̚/ are both valid syllables.
Input format
[edit]In the pronunciation section of each entry, under the {{zh-pron}} template, use the |sp= parameter to indicate the pronunciation of the entry in Jyutping++ as described above. Use commas , without spaces to separate alternate readings.
|sp=njoek5,njyu6
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): njoek5, njyu6
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: njoek5, njyu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɲøk̚²⁴/, /ɲy²²/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
|sp=njyu6 mai5
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): njyu6 mai5
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: njyu6 mai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɲy²² məi²⁴/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)