單

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See also: 单 and 単
單 U+55AE, 單
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AE
← 喭
[U+55AD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 喯 →
[U+55AF]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 單
Shinjitai 単
Simplified 单

Han character[edit]

單 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 66506, composition ⿱吅⿻日十 or ⿱吅⿻甲一)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 200, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
  • Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 654, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+55AE

Chinese[edit]

trad. 單
simp. 单
alternative forms 単
单

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 單
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚲 *taːlʔ
癉 *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲 *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒 *daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉 *daːl
磾 *teːl
鷤 *deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶 *tjal, *tjals
單 *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲 *taːn
殫 *taːn
簞 *taːn
匰 *taːn
襌 *taːn
彈 *daːn, *daːns
貚 *daːn, *deːn
撣 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬 *daːnʔ
僤 *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚 *daːns
樿 *tjanʔ
燀 *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰 *tjans
闡 *tʰjanʔ
繟 *tʰjanʔ
幝 *tʰjanʔ
嘽 *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛 *tʰjanʔ
蟬 *djan
禪 *djan, *djans
嬋 *djan
墠 *djanʔ
鱓 *djanʔ
蕇 *teːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daj ~ dan ~ taj ~ tan (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • toaⁿ - vernacular;
  • tan - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 單
    Mandarin Beijing /tan⁵⁵/
    Harbin /tan⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /tan²¹/
    Jinan /tã²¹³/
    Qingdao /tã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /tan²⁴/
    Xi'an /tã²¹/
    Xining /tã⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /tan⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /tɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /tan⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /tan⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /tan⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
    /san²¹³/ 姓
    Kunming /tã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /taŋ³¹/
    Hefei /tæ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /tæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /tæ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /te⁵³/
    Suzhou /te̞⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /tẽ̞³³/
    Wenzhou /ta³³/
    Hui Shexian /tɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /tɔ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /tan³³/
    Xiangtan /tan³³/
    Gan Nanchang /tan⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /tan⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /tɑn²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tan⁵³/
    Nanning /tan⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /tan⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tan⁵⁵/
    /tuã⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /taŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tuiŋ⁵⁴/ 名
    /tuiŋ²¹/ 形
    Shantou (Min Nan) /tuã³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdaŋ²³/
    /ʔdua²³/
    Rime
    Character 單
    Reading # 1/4
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 都寒切
    Baxter tan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tan/
    Li
    Rong         		/tɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/tɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		daan1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 單
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.tˁar/
    English single, simple

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 單
    Reading # 1/4
    No. 1995
    Phonetic
    component         		單
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		單
    Old
    Chinese         		/*taːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    單

    1. single; individual; solitary
    2. thin; narrow; faint
    3. simple; uncomplicated
    4. (of clothes) unlined
    5. (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”).
    6. (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”).
    7. cover; bed sheet
    8. list; register; catalogue
    9. only; merely; simply
    10. and; plus
    11. bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
      埋單／埋单 [Cantonese]  ―  maai4 daan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to pay a bill
    12. Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
    13. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (ticket): 票 (piào), 券 (quàn); (Cantonese) 飛／飞 (fēi)

    See also[edit]

    • (only): 只 (zhǐ)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 單
    Reading # 2/4
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 市連切
    Baxter dzyen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑian/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		chán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 單
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		chán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*dar/ (< *[d]ar)
    English 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 單
    Reading # 2/4
    No. 2027
    Phonetic
    component         		單
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		鋋
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djan/

    Definitions[edit]

    單

    1. † to surround
    2. Used in 單于／单于 (chányú).
    3. Used in 單閼／单阏.

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 單 單
    Reading # 3/4 4/4
    Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 常演切 時戰切
    Baxter dzyenX dzyenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ /d͡ʑiᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛnX/ /d͡ʑiɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjænX/ /d͡ʑjænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑianX/ /d͡ʑianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛnX/ /ʑiɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛnX/ /ʑĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛnX/ /ʑi̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shàn shàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sin6 sin6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 單 單
    Reading # 3/4 4/4
    No. 2035 2037
    Phonetic
    component         		單 單
    Rime
    group         		元 元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		善 繕
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djanʔ/ /*djans/

    Definitions[edit]

    單

    1. (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong)
    2. a surname

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    單

    1. Alternative form of 嘽／啴
    2. Alternative form of 繟／𦈎

    Etymology 5[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 亶 (“sincere, truthful ; etc.”).
    (This character, 單, is a variant form of 亶.)

    Etymology 6[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 憚 (“to fear”).
    (This character, 單, is a variant form of 憚.)

    Etymology 7[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    單

    1. Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn)
    2. Used in 單至／单至.

    Etymology 8[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    單

    1. (rare) a surname

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		単

    Kyūjitai

    		單

    Kanji[edit]

    單

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 単)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan))

    1. Hanja form? of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon))

    1. Hanja form? of 선 (“a barbarian”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    單: Hán Nôm readings: đơn, đan, thiền, truyên

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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